From: draperjv@ornl.gov Subject: RE: TECH: Glove vs. Joystick Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory The hand controller issue has been studied in the context of teleoperation, though not as thoroughly as I'd like. The best study is: O'hara, J. M. (1987). Telerobotic control of a dexterous manipulator using master and six-DOF hand controllers for space assembly and servicing tasks, in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: The Human Factors Society, pp. 791-795. The teleoperator studies generally compare joysticks to master controllers, with position control vs. rate control being the key comparison. This is probably applicable to your VR problem. One issue that has not been adequately addressed in the teleoperator literature is the matching of controller to controlled device. The responsiveness of a robotic manipulator (its ability to recreate human trajectories and impedance in space and time) probably determines which control mode is best. I hope this reference is useful. John Draper