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\begin{document}

\setlength{\parindent}{0 pt}

\title{Rules for Submission}
\author{~}%{Edited by Elsbeth Anne Roth}
\date{As of the October 1995 LoAR}
\thanks{This is an unofficial copy containing the Rules for Submission.  All
text should be equivalent to the official copy; only the format should be
different}
\maketitle
\vspace{4ex}
\tableofcontents
\newpage

\parttitle{I}{GENERAL PRINCIPLES}

\begin{subpart}
\subparttitle{1}{Compatibility} - All names and armory shall be compatible
with the period and domain of the Society.

\begin{smallquote}  
The Society for Creative Anachronism studies pre-Seventeenth Century
Western Culture.  The period of the Society has been defined to extend
until 1600 A.D.  Its domain includes Europe and areas that had contact with
Europe during this period.  Usages documented to have occurred regularly
prior to that date within that domain shall be automatically considered
compatible unless they have been specifically declared incompatible by
these rules, Laurel precedent, or a policy statement of the Board of
Directors.  Usages not so documented may be defined as compatible by these
rules, Laurel precedent, or a policy statement of the Board of Directors.
In all cases, the burden of proving compatibility shall lie on the
individual making the submission or that individual's duly constituted
representatives.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}
\item[a. ] {\bf Compatible Content} - All submissions shall be period in
content.

\begin{smallquote}
Each element of a submission shall be compatible with period usage.  See
Part II, Compatible Name Content, and Part VII, Compatible Armorial
Content.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Compatible Style} - All submissions shall be period in style.

\begin{smallquote}
All elements of a submission shall be used in a manner that is
stylistically compatible with period usage.  See Part III, Compatible
Naming Style, and Part VIII, Compatible Armorial Style.
\end{smallquote}

\item[c. ] {\bf Documented Exceptions} - A submission that is
adequately documented as a period practice \emp{may} be deemed acceptable
even if it violates the stylistic requirements set forth in Parts III
(Compatible Naming Style) or VIII (Compatible Armorial Style) of these
rules.
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{2}{Offense} - No name or armory will be registered that may be
offensive to a significant segment of the Society or the general
population.

\begin{smallquote}
No submission will be registered that is detrimental to the educational
purposes or good name of the Society, or the enjoyment of its participants
because of offense that may be caused, intentionally or unintentionally, by
its use.  See Part IV, Offensive Names, and Part IX, Offensive Armory.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Inappropriate Claims} - No name or armory will be registered
which claims for the submitter powers, status, or relationships that do not
exist.

\begin{smallquote}
No submission will be registered that could confuse or offend members of
the Society or the general population because it expresses or implies some
claim that is not true.  An explicit claim contains an overt statement of
the claim in the submission; an implicit claim requires that its nature be
inferred from the submission.  A name and piece of armory may reinforce
each other and appear to make a claim that is not perceived in either item
by itself.  If someone reasonably educated in period and modern history and
culture would perceive a claim, that claim will be held to exist even if it
is unintentional.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Conflicting Claims} - A name or piece of armory that creates a
false impression of the identity of the submitter will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Someone may not claim to be another, either directly by using a name or
armory that is identical to another's, or by unmistakably claiming close
relationship to an individual who is in fact unrelated.  See Part V,
Conflicting Names, and Part X, Conflicting Armory.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Presumptuous Claims} - A name or piece of armory which
expresses or implies presumptuous claims to status or powers that the
submitter does not possess will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
No name or armory will be registered that could be considered presumptuous
and thereby cause offense to a significant segment of the Society.  See
Part VI, Presumptuous Names, and Part XI, Presumptuous Armory.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\majorparttitle{Name Rules}

\parttitle{II}{COMPATIBLE NAME CONTENT}

Every word in a Society name must be compatible with period naming
practices, as is required by General Principle 1.a of these rules.  This
section defines the categories of words that the College of Arms has
generally found to be compatible.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Documented Names} - Documented names, including given
names, bynames, place names, and valid variants and diminutives formed in a
period manner, may be used in the same manner in which they were used in
period sources.

\begin{smallquote}
The name \iqq{Bucephalus}, although it is documented as the name of Alexander
the Great's horse, should not be used as a name for a human.  Pronunciation
and spelling variants are linguistically valid if formed according to the
rules for such variants in the language of the documented name.  For
example, the alternation of \qq{C} and \qq{K} at the beginning of names is a
well-documented feature of Welsh.  Therefore, both \iqq{Ceridwen} and
\iqq{Keridwen} would be permitted, even if only one of these forms had been
found in period sources.  \iqq{Qeridwen} would not be permitted, since
\qq{Q} does not alternate with \qq{C} and \qq{K} in Welsh.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Constructed Names} - Documented names and words may be
used to form place names, patronymics, epithets, and other names in a
period manner.

\begin{smallquote}
Constructed forms must follow the rules for formation of the
appropriate category of name element in the language from which the
documented components are drawn.  For instance, the standard male
patronymic in Old Norse consists of the possessive form of the
father's name joined to the word \qq{son}, like \iqq{Sveinsson} is the
son of Svein.  The documented Old Norse given name \iqq{Bjartmarr}
could be used in this construction to form \iqq{Bjartmarsson}, even if
this particular patronymic was not found in period sources.
Similarly, German towns on rivers regularly use the name of the river
with the word \iqq{br\"uck}, like \iqq{Innsbr\"uck}, to indicate the town
had a bridge over that river.  A new branch could use the documented
German name of the river \iqq{Donau} to construct the name
\iqq{Donaubr\"uck}.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Invented Names} - New name elements, whether invented by
the submitter or borrowed from a literary source, may be used if they
follow the rules for name formation from a linguistic tradition compatible
with the domain of the Society and the name elements used.

\begin{smallquote}
Name elements may be created following patterns demonstrated to have
been followed in period naming.  Old English given names, for
instance, are frequently composed of two syllables from a specific
pool of name elements.  The given name \iqq{{\AE}lfmund} could be
created using syllables from the documented names \iqq{{\AE}lfgar} and
\iqq{Eadmund} following the pattern established by similar names in
Old English.  Other kinds of patterns can also be found in period
naming, such as patterns of meaning, description, or sound.  Such
patterns, if sufficiently defined, may also be used to invent new name
elements.  There is a pattern of using kinds of animals in the English
place names \iqq{Oxford}, \iqq{Swinford} and \iqq{Hartford}, and so a
case could be made for inventing a similar name like \iqq{Sheepford}.
No name will be disqualified based solely on its source.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] Invented name elements may not consist of randomly arranged
sounds or characters.

\begin{smallquote}
Use of components of name elements without reference to a period naming
pattern, such as combining the syllables of \iqq{{\AE}lfgar} and \iqq{Eadmund}
to form \iqq{{\AE}lfmunead}, will not be allowed.  Similarly, patterns from
one language or tradition may not be applied to elements from a different
language.  The existence of the two syllable pattern in Old English cannot
justify combining syllables from the Spanish names \iqq{Pedro} and \iqq{Jose}
to invent \iqq{Pese}.  \iqq{Elulol} and \iqq{Myzzlyk}, which create nonsense
syllables and link them without reference to any period pattern, are also
not acceptable.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] Invented given names may not be identical to any other word
unless a strong pattern of use of a class of words as given names in the
same language is documented.

\begin{smallquote}
Although \iqq{China}, \iqq{Random} and \iqq{Starhawk} have been used as
given names in recent fantasy literature, they may not be registered
without evidence that names of countries, adjectives, or epithets were
regularly used as English given names in period.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{4}{Legal Names} - Elements of the submitter's legal name may
be used as the corresponding part of a Society name, if such elements are
not excessively obtrusive and do not violate other sections of these rules.

\begin{smallquote}
This allows individuals to register elements of their legal name that
cannot be documented from period sources.  The allowance is only made
for the actual legal name, not any variants.  Someone whose legal
given name is \iqq{Ruby} may register \iqq{Ruby} as a Society given
name, but not \iqq{Rubie}, \iqq{Rubyat}, or \iqq{Rube}.  Corresponding
elements are defined by their type, not solely their position in the
name.  This means a person with the legal name \iqq{Andrew Jackson}
could use \iqq{Jackson} as a surname in his Society name in any
position where a surname is appropriate, such as \iqq{Raymond Jackson
Turner} or \iqq{Raymond Jackson of London}, not just as his last name
element.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{5}{Registered Names} - Once a name has been registered to an
individual or group, the College of Arms may permit that particular
individual or group to register elements of that name again, even if it is
no longer permissible under the rules in effect at the time the later
submission is made.  This permission may be extended to close relatives of
the submitter if the College of Arms deems it appropriate.

\begin{smallquote}
Only the actual name element from the originally registered submission
is covered by this permission.  For example, if an individual had
registered a surname from a fantasy novel that has no relation to
period naming before such names were restricted, that surname could be
retained if that submitter decided to change his given name, even
though it might not be acceptable under these rules.  He could not
register other surnames from the same novel, however.  The College of
Arms might also agree to register this surname to the original
submitter's children.  This allowance will not be granted for
submitters other than the original owner under any other
circumstances.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\parttitle{III}{COMPATIBLE NAMING STYLE AND GRAMMAR}

All elements of a name must be correctly arranged to follow the grammar and linguistic traditions of period names,
as is required by General Principle 1b of these rules.  This section defines the requirements for arranging acceptable
words into a compatible name.

\begin{subpart}
\subparttitle{1}{Name Grammar and Syntax} - All names must be
grammatically correct for period names and follow documented patterns.

\begin{smallquote}
Standard grammatical rules for a language will be applied unless
documentation is provided for non-standard usages in period names from
that language.  Names should generally combine elements that are all
from a single linguistic culture, but a name may be registered that
combines languages.  As a rule of thumb, languages should be used
together only if there was substantial contact between the cultures
that spoke those languages, and a name should not combine more than
three languages.  Each name as a whole should be compatible with the
culture of a single time and place.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}
\item[a. ] {\bf Linguistic Consistency} - Each phrase must be
grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language.

\begin{smallquote}
For the purposes of this rule a phrase may consist of a single word
(\iqq{Heinrich}, \iqq{Calais}) or of a grammatically connected series
of words (\iqq{the Garter}, \iqq{the Dragon's Heart}, {\em with the
Beard}, \iqq{von K\"onigsberg}) in a single language.  Although it
seems to mix French or Latin with English, the phrase {\em de London}
is documentably correct usage in the written language of Anglo-Norman
England and can therefore be registered.  If a later form of a
language differs radically from an earlier form, the two may not be
considered a single language; thus, Old English and Early Modern
English are different languages.  In the case of place names and other
name elements frequently used in English in their original form, an
English article or preposition may be used.  For example, \iqq{of
Aachen} might be used instead of the purely German \iqq{von Aachen}.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Name Style} - Every name as a whole should be
compatible with the culture of a single time and place.

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Personal Names} - A personal name must contain a
\Def{given name} and at least one \Def{byname}; each of these
components will be called a \Def{name phrase}.  A \Def{byname} is any
name added to the \Def{given name} to identify its bearer more
precisely.  Most period names contained no more than three name
phrases; as a rule of thumb a personal name should not contain more
than four name phrases.  (A documentable exception is Arabic, in which
longer period names can fairly easily be found; an example is
\iqq{Ab\^u `Abd All\^ah Muhammad ibn Isma`\^il ibn Mugh\^irah
al-Bukh\^ar\^i} `{\em Muhammad\/}, father of {\em `Abd All\^ah\/}, son
of {\em Isma`\^il\/}, the son of {\em Mugh\^irah\/}, the Bukharan'.)

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] A byname may be one of \Def{relationship}, like a
patronymic or metronymic: \iqq{fitz Payn}, \iqq{Johnson},
\iqq{Bjarnard\'ottir}, \iqq{Gu{\edh}r\'unarson}, \iqq{des langen Dietrich
bruder} `brother of the tall Dietrich', \iqq{ingen Murchada} `daughter
of {\em Murchad\/}', \iqq{Smythwyf}, \iqq{Mac a' Phearsain} `son of the
parson', \iqq{abu Sa'\^id} `father of {\em Sa'\^id\/}'.

\item[ii. ] A byname may be a second \Def{given name}; in most
European cultures during most of our period this is a patronymic
byname: John \iqq{William} = John \iqq{Williamson}.  Late in period in
some cultures it may be the second part of a double given name:
\iqq{Gian Giacomo} Caroldo.

\item[iii. ] A byname may be \Def{locative}, a byname of \Def{origin}
or of \Def{residence}: Hubert \iqq{of York}, Jack \iqq{London}, Heinrich
\iqq{von Hamburg}, William \iqq{atte Wode}, Robert \iqq{Undertheclyf},
Matthias \iqq{de Flandre}; Alphonse \iqq{le Picard}, Dirk \iqq{der
Brabanter}, Adam \iqq{(le) Flemyng}, Wautier \iqq{Alleman}, Herman
\iqq{M\"unstermann}.  Names of residence include \Def{sign names} taken
from signs on buildings: \iqq{atte Belle} `at the [sign of the] Bell',
\iqq{zur Krone} `at the [sign of the] crown', \iqq{zum blauen Esel} `at
the blue Ass'.  These are extremely rare in English but not uncommon
in German.

\item[iv. ] A byname may describe \Def{occupation}, \Def{status}, or
\Def{office}: John \iqq{Bowwright}, Hans \iqq{Schneider}, Jehan \iqq{(le)
Changeur}, Maud \iqq{Webster}, Nicolaus \iqq{Ankersmit}, William
\iqq{Parson}, Serlo \iqq{le Reve}, Adam \iqq{(le) Freman}.
\end{subpart}

\item[v. ] A byname may be a \Def{descriptive nickname}: Osbert
\iqq{le Gentil}, \iqq{Skalla}-Bj\"orn `bald', Conrad \iqq{Klein} `small',
\iqq{Klein} Conrad, Robertus \iqq{cum Barba} `with the beard', Ludolf
\iqq{metter langher nese} `with the long nose', Henry \iqq{Beard},
Rudolfus \iqq{der Esel} `the Ass', Gilbert \iqq{le Sour}, John
\iqq{Skamful}, Thorvaldr inn \iqq{kyrri} `the quiet', Iain
\iqq{Camshr\'on} `hook-nose'.

\item[vi. ] Finally, a byname may be a \Def{sentence}, \Def{oath}, or
\Def{phrase name}: Geoffrey \iqq{Likkefinger}, Adam \iqq{Brekeleg},
Rudolfus \iqq{Drinkwasser}, Otto \iqq{Dumernyt} `Do nothing to me!',
Nickl \iqq{Lerenpecher} `Empty the tankard', Serle \iqq{Gotokirke}, John
\iqq{Falleinthewelle}, Godeke \iqq{Maketwol} `Make it well', Katharina
\iqq{Gottvergebmirs} `God forgive me for it!', Richard
\iqq{Playndeamours} `full of love', Henry \iqq{ffulofloue}, Petronilla
\iqq{Notegood}, Hans \iqq{mornebesser} `better [in the] morning'.
\end{subpart}

\begin{smallquote}
Some bynames may fit into more than one category: Edward Pepper may be
named for his temper or for his occupation as spice-merchant; Herbert
le Knif may have a notable knife, or he may be a cutler; and Notegood,
like other phrase names without verbs, can also be considered a
descriptive nickname.  Lion may be descriptive or an abbreviated form
of atte Lyon `at the [sign of the] lion'.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Non-Personal Names} - Branch names, names of orders
and awards, heraldic titles, and household names must consist of a
designator that identifies the type of entity and at least one
descriptive element.

\begin{smallquote}
Common designators are \iqq{Shire}, \iqq{Barony}, \iqq{Guild},
\iqq{House}, \iqq{Order of the}, and \iqq{Herald}.  The designator must
be appropriate to the status of the submitter.  Society branches may
use the designator established by Corpora for their category of group
or any authorized alternative form.  The designator may be included as
part of a one-word name if the authorized form was used that way in
period, like the English word \iqq{shire}, which appears as a part of
the one-word name Worcestershire.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] {\bf Branch Names} - Names of branches must follow the
patterns of period place-names.

\begin{smallquote}
Some good Society examples are: Shire of \iqq{Carlsby},
\iqq{Standonshire}, Barony of \iqq{Jararvellir}, College of \iqq{Saint
Carol on the Moor}, all of which closely resemble period place-names.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] {\bf Names of Orders and Awards} - Names of orders and
awards must follow the patterns of the names of period orders and
awards.

\begin{smallquote}
These are often the names of saints; others are similar to sign names
(see RfS III.2.a.iii).  Some examples are: the \iqq{Order of Saint
Michael}, the \iqq{Order of Saint Maurice and Saint Lazarus}, the
\iqq{Brethren of the Sword}, the \iqq{Order of the Garter}, \iqq{La
Toison d'Or} (the \iqq{Order of the Golden Fleece}), the \iqq{Order of
the Golden Rose}, the \iqq{Order of the Star}, the \iqq{Order of the
Swan}, \iqq{La Orden de la Jara} (the \iqq{Knights of the Tankard}), the
\iqq{Order of Lilies}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[iii. ] {\bf Heraldic Titles} - Heraldic titles must follow the
patterns of period heraldic titles.

\begin{smallquote}
These are generally drawn from surnames (\iqq{Chandos} Herald,
\iqq{Percy} Herald), place-names (\iqq{Windsor} Herald, \iqq{Calais}
Pursuivant, \iqq{Sicily} Herald), names of heraldic charges
(\iqq{Crosslet} Herald, \iqq{Estoile Volant} Pursuivant, \iqq{Noir
Lyon} Pursuivant), names of orders of chivalry (\iqq{Garter} King of
Arms), and mottos (\iqq{Ich Dien} Pursuivant, \iqq{Esperance}
Pursuivant)
\end{smallquote}

\item[iv. ] {\bf Household Names} - Household names must follow the
patterns of period names of organized groups of people.

\begin{smallquote}
Possible models include Scottish clans (\iqq{Clan Stewart}), ruling
dynasties (\iqq{House of Anjou}), professional guilds (\iqq{Baker's
Guild of Augsburg}, \iqq{Worshipful Company of Coopers}), military
units (\iqq{The White Company}), and inns (\iqq{House of the White
Hart}).
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{IV}{OFFENSIVE NAMES}

Offensive names may not be registered, as is required by General
Principle 2 of these rules.  Names may be innately offensive from
their content, like \iqq{John Witchburner}.  A name element can also be
offensive because of its usual associations or the context in which it
is placed.  Names may be considered offensive even if the submitter
did not intend them to be.  This section defines the categories of
names that are generally considered offensive.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Vulgar Names} - Pornographic or scatological terms
will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Obscene terminology, sexually explicit material, bathroom or toilet
humor, etc.  are considered inherently offensive by a large segment of
the Society and general population.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Offensive Religious Terminology} - Magical or
religious terminology that is excessive or mocks the beliefs of others
will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Magical or religious words are not usually inherently offensive, but
may offend by context.  For example, although the name \iqq{Jesus} is
common in Spanish, the juxtaposition of it with reference to other
religions, like \iqq{Jesus the Imam}, could be considered a mockery.
Use of an unusual number of religious elements might disturb both
devotees and opponents of a particular religion.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Stereotypical Names} - Allusions to derogatory
ethnic, racial, or sexual stereotypes will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Such stereotypes, even if documented from period sources, are innately
offensive.  This is true whether the stereotype is inherent in the
usage, such as \iqq{Pedro the Dago}, or created by context.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{4}{Offensive Political Terminology} - Terminology
specifically associated with social or political movements, or events
that may be offensive to a particular race, religion, or ethnic group
will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Even if used without prejudice in period, such terms are offensive by their
modern context.  Thus, names that suggest participation in pogroms or
repressive movements, like \iqq{Judenfeind}, which is a period German name
meaning \qq{enemy of the Jews}, may not be used.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{V}{NAME CONFLICT}

Names may not be too similar to the names of others, as is required by
General Principle 3a of these rules.  Names need to be distinguished
from each other both in their written form and when heard in
announcements.  This section defines ways in which submitted names may
differ sufficiently from protected names.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Personal Names} - Personal names must be
significantly different from other protected personal names.

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Difference of Name Phrases} - Two name phrases are
considered \Def{significantly different} if they differ significantly in
sound \emp{and} appearance.  Name phrases that are not {\em significantly
different\/} are said to be \Def{equivalent}.

\begin{smallquote}
Variant spellings of the same word or name, no matter how radical, are
not considered significantly different unless there is also a
significant difference in pronunciation.  Low German
\iqq{Flaschentr\"ager} could be spelled \iqq{vlaschendreyger} in 1430,
but the pronunciation was essentially the same, so
\iqq{vlaschendreyger} and \iqq{Flaschentr\"ager} are equivalent.  Such
variant spellings may be registered where appropriate but do not make
the name different. Examples and further restrictions for different
types of name phrase are given below.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}
\item[i. ] {\bf Given Names} - Two given names are significantly
different only if they differ significantly in sound \emp{and} appearance.
Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is
not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are
used as given names.  However, two diminutives of the same given name
are significantly different if they differ significantly in sound and
appearance.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Mary} is equivalent to the French \iqq{Marie}, since neither the
appearance nor the sound is significantly different; it is
significantly different from the Hebrew \iqq{Miriam}, since it differs
significantly in sound and appearance and neither name is a diminutive
of the other.  Similarly, \iqq{Ali} is significantly different from
\iqq{Auda}. \iqq{Hob} is a diminutive of \iqq{Robert} and therefore
equivalent to it, and for the same reason \iqq{Kunz} is equivalent to
\iqq{Konrad}.  But \iqq{Hob} and \iqq{Robin} are significantly different;
though both are diminutives of \iqq{Robert}, they look and sound
significantly different.  The same holds for \iqq{Nickel} and
\iqq{Klas}, which are both diminutives of \iqq{Niclas}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] {\bf Bynames} - Two bynames are significantly different
if they look and sound significantly different.  In general the
addition or deletion of prepositions and articles is not
significant. Additional restrictions apply to certain types of bynames
as specified below.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Blacksmith} is significantly different from \iqq{Smith}.  \iqq{Le
Vanur} `the basketmaker' is not significantly different from \iqq{le
vannere} `the winnower or maker of fans or winnowing-baskets' because
the pronunciations are not significantly different.

\iqq{Cum Barba} is significantly different from \iqq{Beard} and
\iqq{Witheberd} `with the beard', but \iqq{Beard} is equivalent to
\iqq{Witheberd}.  Der grosse \iqq{Esel} `the great ass' is significantly
different from \iqq{der Esel}, and \iqq{with the Long Nose} is
significantly different from \iqq{with the Crooked Nose}.  \iqq{The
Lion} is not significantly different from \iqq{de Lyon}.

\iqq{Brekeleg} is significantly different from \iqq{Brekeheved} `break
head'.  \iqq{Waggespere} is significantly different from
\iqq{Shakespeare}.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[(a) ] {\bf Bynames of Relationship} - Two bynames of
relationship are significantly different if the natures of the
relationships \emp{or} the objects of the relationships are significantly
different.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Smythwyf} is significantly different from \iqq{Smithson} because
the nature of the relationship is significantly changed; it is
significantly different from \iqq{Tomwyf} because the object of the
relationship has been changed (from \iqq{Smith} to \iqq{Tom}).  \iqq{Mac
Thorcuill} `son of Thorcull' is equivalent to \iqq{Nic Thorcuill}
`daughter of Thorcull', and \iqq{Richards} is equivalent to
\iqq{Richard} and to \iqq{Richardson}; in each case the sound is
insufficiently different. \iqq{Hobson} is significantly different from
\iqq{Robertson}, however, because \iqq{Hob} and \iqq{Robert} differ
significantly in sound and appearance and are not being used in given
names.
\end{smallquote}

\item[(b) ] {\bf Locative Bynames} - Two locative bynames need not
refer to different places in order to be considered significantly
different; they need only look and sound sufficiently different.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Der Brabanter} is equivalent to \iqq{von Brabant}; such bynames
were interchangeable in period.  However, \iqq{de Flandre} is
significantly different from \iqq{le Flemyng} because \iqq{Flandre} and
\iqq{Flemyng} are significantly different in sound and appearance.
\iqq{York} is equivalent to of \iqq{York}, \iqq{M\"unstermann} is
equivalent to \iqq{von M\"unster}, and \iqq{Undertheclyf} is equivalent
to \iqq{del Clif} and \iqq{Cliff}.  \iqq{Zum Roten L\"owen} `at the Red
Lion' is significantly different from \iqq{zum L\"owen} and from
\iqq{zum Blauen L\"owen} `at the Blue Lion'.  \iqq{Lion} (from a sign
name) is not significantly different from \iqq{de Lyon} because the
bynames do not differ significantly in appearance.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\end{subpart}

\item[b. ] {\bf Conflict of Personal Names} - Two personal names
conflict \emp{unless} at least one of the following conditions is met:

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] {\bf Given Names} - Two personal names do not conflict if
the given names are significantly different.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Sancha Alfonso Carrillo} does not conflict with \iqq{Juan Alfonso
Carrillo}.  \iqq{Hob Gage} conflicts with \iqq{Robert Gage} because
\iqq{Hob} is not significantly different from \iqq{Robert} (of which it
is a diminutive).
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] {\bf Number of Name Phrases} - A personal name containing
at most two name phrases does not conflict with any personal name
containing a different number name phrases.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Th\'ora Arnth\'orud\'ottir} does not conflict with \iqq{Th\'ora in
spaka Arnth\'orud\'ottir}; \iqq{Pedro Fernandez} does not conflict with
\iqq{Pedro Fernandez Perez}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[iii. ] {\bf Order of Name Phrases} - Two personal names that
contain equivalent name phrases arranged in different orders do not
conflict if the change in order significantly changes the meaning of
the name as a whole.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Klein Konrad} conflicts with \iqq{Konrad der Kleine}: they could
well refer to the same person.  \iqq{Owen ap Morgan ap Gruffudd} does
not conflict with \iqq{Owen ap Gruffudd ap Morgan}: as they have
different fathers, they cannot be the same person.  \iqq{Aed Dub mac
Cormaic} `Black {\em Aed\/} son of {\em Cormac\/}' does not conflict
with \iqq{Aed mac Cormaic Duib} `{\em Aed\/} son of Black {\em
Cormac\/}', and \iqq{Hr\'olfr d\'ufunef Bjarnarson} `{\em Hr\'olfr\/}
dove-nose son of {\em Bj\"orn\/}' does not conflict with \iqq{Hr\'olfr
Bjarnarson d\'ufunefs} `{\em Hr\'olfr\/} son of {\em Bj\"orn\/}
dove-nose'. \iqq{William Brun le Mercer} conflicts with \iqq{William
Mercer le Brun}, both meaning `{\em William\/} with brown hair who is
a merchant in fine textiles'.
\end{smallquote}

\item[iv. ] {\bf Change of Name Phrases} - Two personal names do not
conflict if \emp{each} contains a name phrase that is significantly
different from \emp{every} name phrase in the other.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{William Jamesson the Smith} does not conflict with \iqq{William
Jamesson the Carter} because each of the phrases \iqq{the Smith} and
\iqq{the Carter} appears in one name but not the other.  \iqq{Gilbert
Fletcher the Long of Kent} conflicts with \iqq{Gilbert Long Fletcher}
because (1) the latter name contains \emp{no} phrase that is
significantly different from \emp{every} phrase of the former name,
and (2) the change in order of the second and third name phrases does
not significantly change the meaning of the name.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\item[c. ] {\bf Historical Personal Names} - Protected historical
personal names are protected in all of the forms in which they
commonly appear.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Charlemagne}, which becomes \iqq{Carolus Magnus} in Latin and
\iqq{Karl der Grosse} in German, is protected in all three forms.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}


\subparttitle{2}{Non-Personal Names} - Branch names, order and award
names, heraldic titles, and household names must be significantly
different from other protected non-personal names.

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Difference of Descriptive Elements} - A
\Def{descriptive element} is a word other than a designator, an
article, a preposition, or the name of a branch of the Society.  Two
{\em descriptive elements\/} are considered \Def{significantly
different} if they differ significantly in both sound \emp{and}
appearance. Descriptive elements that are not {\em significantly
different\/} are said to be
\Def{equivalent}.

\item[b. ] {\bf Conflict of Names with the Same Number of Elements} -
Two non-personal names with the same number of descriptive elements
conflict \emp{unless} at least one of the following conditions is met.

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] {\bf Change of Elements} - Two such names do not conflict
if \emp{each} of them contains a descriptive element significantly
different from \emp{every} descriptive element in the other.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{House Saint Mary}, \iqq{Saint Mary Herald}, and the \iqq{College
of Sainte Marie} all conflict with one another because their
descriptive elements are equivalent; \iqq{House}, \iqq{Herald}, and
\iqq{College of}, being designators, are not descriptive
elements. \iqq{The House of the Red Dolphin} does not conflict with the
\iqq{House of the Blue Dolphin} or the \iqq{House of the Red Lion}.
The \iqq{Order of the White Scarf of Ansteorra} conflicts with the
\iqq{Order of the White Scarf of Atenveldt} because Ansteorra and
Atenveldt are not descriptive elements as defined above in clause 2.a.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] {\bf Change of Order or Grammar} - Two such names
containing equivalent descriptive elements do not conflict if either
the order of the elements or the grammatical structure of the name has
changed in a way that significantly changes the meaning of the name as
a whole.

\begin{smallquote}
The \iqq{Order of the Sword and the Tower} conflicts with the \iqq{Order
of the Tower and the Sword} because the change in order does not
significantly change the meaning of the name.  Similarly, the
\iqq{Order of the Guardians of the Castle} conflicts with the \iqq{Order
of the Castle's Guardians}.  The \iqq{Order of the Castle of the
Guardians} does not conflict the \iqq{Order of the Guardians of the
Castle} because the change in order significantly changes the meaning;
it does not conflict with the \iqq{Order of the Castle's Guardians}
because the change in grammatical structure significantly changes the
meaning.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\item[c. ] {\bf Conflict of Names with Different Numbers of Elements}
- Two non-personal names with different numbers of descriptive
elements conflict if the only difference in the descriptive parts is
the addition of one or more modifiers to a single, already modified
root element.
\begin{smallquote}
The addition of one or more modifiers to an \emp{unmodified} noun is a
significant change, so \iqq{Black Lion Herald} does not conflict with
\iqq{Lyon King of Arms}.  The \iqq{\iqq{Order of the Black Rampant Lion}
conflicts with the Black Lion Herald}, however, since \iqq{Rampant} is
added to an already modified noun.  (Adding further modifiers to an
already modified noun is not a significant change because it is
generally not good period style.)  The \iqq{Order of the Black Lion's
Heart} does not conflict with the \iqq{Black Lion Herald} since the
added element, \iqq{Heart}, is not a modifier. Similarly, the \iqq{Order
of the Tower and the Sword} does not conflict with the \iqq{Order of
the Sword}.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{VI}{PRESUMPTUOUS NAMES}

Names may not claim status or powers the submitter does not possess,
as is required by General Principle 3b of these rules.  This section
defines categories of presumptuous claims.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Names Claiming Rank} - Names containing titles, territorial
claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous.

\begin{smallquote}
Titles like \iqq{Earl} and \iqq{Duke} generally may not be used as
Society names, even if the title is the submitter's legal name.  Names
documented to have been used in period may be used, even if they were
derived from titles, provided there is no suggestion of territorial
claim or explicit assertion of rank.  For example, \iqq{Regina the
Laundress} is acceptable but \iqq{Regina of Germany} is not.  Claim to
membership in a uniquely royal family is also considered presumptuous,
although use of some dynastic surnames do not necessarily claim royal
rank.  For example, there was a Scottish dynasty named \iqq{Stewart},
but there were also many other Stewart families so use of that surname
does not link one unmistakably to the royal house. \iqq{Hohenstaufen},
on the other hand, seems to have only been used by the line of Holy
Roman Emperors, so its use makes a clear dynastic claim.  In some
cases, use of an otherwise inoffensive occupational surname in a
territorial context may make it appear to be a title or rank, such as
\iqq{John the Bard of Armagh} or \iqq{Peter Abbot of St.~Giles}.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Names Claiming Powers} - Names containing elements that
allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered
presumptuous.

\begin{smallquote}
Society names may not claim divine descent, superhuman abilities, or other
powers that the submitter does not actually possess.  Such claims include
divine patronymics, like \iqq{Vulcanson}; epithets peculiarly associated with
divinities or superhuman beings, such as \iqq{of the Valkyrie}; given names
that were never used by humans, like the names of some Giants or Dwarves in
Norse mythology; or descriptive epithets like \iqq{Worldblaster}.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Names Claiming Specific Relationships} - Names that
unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected
person or literary character will generally not be registered.
\begin{smallquote}
Explicit claims to descend from a particular person, such as
\iqq{Edwin fitzWilliam Marshall} or \iqq{Rhys ap Cariadoc of the Bow}
will not be registered.  (The latter could be registered with a letter
of permission from Cariadoc of the Bow.)  However, since there are
many people named \iqq{William} and \iqq{Cariadoc}, \iqq{Edwin
fitzWilliam} or \iqq{Rhys ap Cariadoc} would not conflict by
themselves.  In some cases a unique name, surname, or epithet is so
closely related to an individual that its use alone can imply
relationship to that individual.  There is only one family that uses
the name \iqq{Baggins of Bag End}, so \iqq{Joan Baggins of Bag End}
would not be appropriate.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{4}{Other Presumptuous Names} - Some names not otherwise
forbidden by these rules are nevertheless too evocative of widely
known and revered protected items to be registered.
\begin{smallquote}
Such items include the peerage orders of the Society and such
well-known items outside the Society as the \iqq{Order of the Garter}.
The \iqq{House of the Rose and Laurel} does not conflict with the
\iqq{Order of the Rose} or the \iqq{Order of the Laurel}, but it is
too evocative of both to be registered. Similarly, the \iqq{Award of
the Blue Garter} is too evocative of the \iqq{Order of the Garter},
whose badge is a blue garter.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\majorparttitle{Armory Rules}

\parttitle{VII}{COMPATIBLE ARMORIAL CONTENT}

Every element in a piece of Society armory must be compatible with
period armorial practices, as is required by General Principle 1a of
these rules.  This section defines the categories of elements that the
College of Arms has generally found to be compatible.

\begin{subpart}
\subparttitle{1}{Period Charges} - Ordinaries and other charges used
in period armory may be registered.  

\begin{smallquote}
Use of a charge in heraldry after 1600 does not guarantee its
acceptability.  Thus, even though they appear in modern British
heraldry, DNA molecules and hydrogen atoms may not be used.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Period Armorial Elements} - Lines of division, lines
of partition, field treatments, and other elements used in period
armory may be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Use of an element in period art does not guarantee its acceptability
for armory.  Use of the Greek key design, which was common in period
decorative art, never carried over into armory.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Period Artifacts} - Artifacts that were known in the
period and domain of the Society may be registered in armory, provided
they are depicted in their period forms.

\begin{smallquote}
A pen, for instance, must be depicted as a quill pen or other period
form, not a fountain pen.  A wheel must be depicted as a wagon wheel,
not a rubber tire from an automobile.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{4}{Period Flora and Fauna} - Flora and fauna that were
known in the period and domain of the Society may be registered in
armory.

\begin{smallquote}
Hybrids or mutations of period forms known to have been developed
after 1600 generally may not be used as charges.  For example, the
English Sheepdog may not be used in Society armory because it was
developed after 1600.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{5}{Compatible Monsters} - Monsters compatible with
period armorial practice may be registered in armory.

\begin{smallquote}
Monsters described in period sources may be used in the Society, even
if they were not used in period heraldry.  New monsters may be formed
for Society use on the analogy of period monsters, so long as all
components remain sufficiently identifiable in the compound monster.
For example, the Society has created the sea unicorn parallel to the
sea lion and sea horse.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{6}{Compatible Armorial Elements} - Any charge, line of
division, line of partition, field treatment, or other armorial
element that has been ruled compatible with period heraldic style may
be registered in armory.

\begin{smallquote}
The line of partition \iqq{dovetailed} and field treatments designed
to imitate chain mail and honeycombs are some examples of undocumented
armorial elements that have already been ruled compatible with period
heraldic style.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{7}{Armorial Element Requirements} - Only elements from
the preceding categories that satisfy the following requirements may
be registered in armory:

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Identification Requirement} - Elements must be
recognizable solely from their appearance.

\begin{smallquote}
Any charge, line of partition, or field treatment used in Society
armory must be identifiable, in and of itself, without labels or
excessive explanation.  Elements not used in period armory may be
defined and accepted for Society use if they are readily
distinguishable from elements that are already in use.  The compass
star, defined in the Society as a mullet of four greater and four
lesser points, is immediately identifiable without confusion with
other mullets or estoiles once its definition is known.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Reconstruction Requirement} - Elements must be
reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon.

\begin{smallquote}
Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard
heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the
armory solely from the blazon.  Elements that cannot be described in
such a way that the depiction of the armory will remain consistent may
not be used, even if they are identifiable design motifs that were
used before 1600.  For example, the Tree of Life occurs as a
decorative element in period and is readily identifiable as such, but
it may not be used in armory since it cannot be defined in a manner
that guarantees its consistent depiction.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{8}{Registered Armorial Elements} - Once an armorial
element has been registered to an individual or group, the College of
Arms may permit that particular individual or group to register that
element again, even if it is no longer permissible under the rules in
effect at the time the later submission is made.  This permission may
be extended to close relatives of the submitter if the College of Arms
deems it appropriate.

\begin{smallquote}
Only the actual armorial element from the originally registered
submission may be covered by this permission.  For example, if an
individual had registered armory containing a fimbriated lion many
years ago, only that fimbriated lion would be covered under this rule,
not fimbriated wolves, eagles, or lions in other postures.  The
College of Arms might also agree to register this lion to the original
submitter's children.  This allowance will not be granted for
submitters other than the original owner under any other
circumstances.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{VIII}{COMPATIBLE ARMORIAL STYLE}

All elements of a piece of armory must be arranged into a design that
is compatible with period armorial style, as is required by General
Principle 1b of these rules.  This section defines the requirements
for arranging acceptable armorial elements into a design.

\begin{subpart}
\subparttitle{1}{Armorial Simplicity} - All armory must be simple in
design.

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf Tincture and Charge Limit} - Armory must use a
limited number of tinctures and types of charges.

\begin{smallquote}
As the number of tinctures involved in a device increases, the number
of types of charge should decrease.  As the number of types increases,
the number of tinctures should decrease.  In no case should the number
of different tinctures or types of charges be so great as to eliminate
the visual impact of any single design element.  As a rule of thumb,
the total of the number of tinctures plus the number of types of
charges in a design should not exceed eight.  As another guideline,
three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Armorial Balance} - Armory must arrange all elements
coherently in a balanced design.

\begin{smallquote}
Period armory usually places the primary elements of the design in a
static arrangement, such as a single charge in the center of the field
or three identical charges on an escutcheon.  More complex designs
frequently include a central focal point around which other charges
are placed, like a chevron between three charges, but the design
remains static and balanced.  Designs that are unbalanced, or that
create an impression of motion, are not compatible with period style.
\end{smallquote}

\item[c. ] {\bf Armorial Depth} - Armory may not employ depth of
field as a design element.

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] {\bf Perspective} - Charges may only be drawn in
perspective if they were so depicted in period armory.

\begin{smallquote}
A pair of dice may be drawn in perspective since they were routinely
drawn that way in period armory to show the pips.  A bear, dolphin, or
castle should not be drawn in three dimensions, but should appear only
in its standard, flat heraldic form.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] {\bf Layer Limit} - Designs may not be excessively layered.

\begin{smallquote}
All charges should be placed either directly on the field or entirely
on other charges that lie on the field.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{2}{Armorial Contrast} - All armory must have sufficient
contrast to allow each element of the design to be clearly
identifiable at a distance.

\begin{smallquote}
Each tincture used in Society armory may be depicted in a variety of
shades.  Therefore, contrast is not determined by the lightness or
darkness of the tinctures on the submitted emblazon, but by the
traditional heraldic categorization of tinctures as colors and metals.
The colors are azure, gules, purpure, sable, and vert (blue, red,
purple, black, and green).  Ermined furs or field treatments on a
background of one of these tinctures are treated as colors for
contrast in the Society.  The metals are argent and Or (white or
silver, and yellow or gold).  Ermined furs or field treatments on a
background of one of those tinctures are treated as metals for
contrast in the Society.  Furs equally divided of light and dark
pieces, such as vair, are classed with other evenly divided elements,
such as paly, per bend, or lozengy.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}
\item[a. ] {\bf Contrasting Tinctures} - Good contrast exists between:

\begin{subpart} 
\item[i. ] A metal and a color;

\item[ii. ] An element equally divided of a color and a metal, and
any other element as long as identifiability is maintained;

\item[iii. ] A color and a charge, blazoned as proper, that is
predominantly light;

\item[iv. ] A metal and a charge, blazoned as proper, that is
predominantly dark.
\end{subpart}

\item[b. ] {\bf Contrast Requirements}

\begin{subpart}

\item[i. ] The field must have good contrast with every charge placed
directly on it and with charges placed overall.

\begin{smallquote}
For example, \iqq{a pale vair between two owls Or} might be placed on
a field gules, but not a field ermine because the owls would not have
good contrast.  Similarly, a field vert with a fess Or contrasts with
a wolf rampant overall that is argent or ermine, but not a wolf that
is gules or sable.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] A charge must have good contrast with any charge placed
wholly on it.

\begin{smallquote}
For example, a tree placed on a pale azure could be Or, argent, or
ermine, but could not be pean or proper.
\end{smallquote}

\item[iii. ] Elements evenly divided into two parts, per saltire, or
quarterly may use any two tinctures or furs.

\begin{smallquote}
For example, a field quarterly could be composed of azure and gules,
argent and Or, Or and ermine, or vert and vairy gules and argent.
\end{smallquote}

\item[iv. ] Elements evenly divided into multiple parts of two
different tinctures must have good contrast between their parts.

\begin{smallquote}
For example, \iqq{checky argent and gules} is acceptable, but
\iqq{checky azure and gules} is not.
\end{smallquote}

\item[v. ] Elements evenly divided in three tinctures must have good
contrast between two of their parts.
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{3}{Armorial Identifiability} - Elements must be used in a
design so as to preserve their individual identifiability.

\begin{smallquote}
Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant
reduction in size, marginal contrast, excessive counterchanging,
voiding, or fimbriation, or by being obscured by other elements of the
design.  For instance, a complex line of partition could be difficult
to recognize between two parts of the field that do not have good
contrast if most of the line is also covered by charges.  A complex
divided field could obscure the identity of charges counterchanged.
Voiding and fimbriation may only be used with simple geometric charges
placed in the center of the design.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{4}{Obtrusive Modernity} - Armory may not use
obtrusively modern designs.

\qq{Modern} is defined as anything outside the period of the Society.

\begin{subpart}
\item[a. ] {\bf Pictorial Design} - Overly pictorial designs may not
be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Design elements should not be combined to create a picture of a scene
or landscape.  For example, combining a field divided \iqq{per fess
wavy azure and Or} with a sun and three triangles Or, as well as a
camel and two palm trees proper to depict the Nile Valley would not be
acceptable.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Modern Insignia} - Overt allusions to modern
insignia, trademarks, or common designs may not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Such references, including parodies, may be considered obtrusive.
Examples include using \iqq{a bend within a bordure gules} to parody
the international \qq{No Entry} sign, variations on the geometric
Peace sign, and so forth.
\end{smallquote}

\item[c. ] {\bf Natural Depiction} - Excessively naturalistic use of
otherwise acceptable charges may not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Excessively natural designs include those that depict animate objects
in unheraldic postures, use several charges in their natural forms
when heraldic equivalents exist, or overuse {\em proper\/}.  {\em
Proper\/} is allowed for natural flora and fauna when there is a
widely understood default coloration for the charge so specified.  It
is not allowed if many people would have to look up the correct
coloration, or if the Linnaean genus and species (or some other
elaborate description) would be required to get it right.  An
elephant, a brown bear, or a tree could each be {\em proper\/}; a
female American kestrel, a garden rose, or an Arctic fox in winter
phase, could not.
\end{smallquote}

\item[d. ] {\bf Modern Style} - Generally modern style in the
depiction of individual elements or the total design may not be
registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Artistic techniques and styles developed after 1600 should not be used
in Society armory.  Charges may not be used to create abstract or
op-art designs, or be patterned after comic book art, fantasy art,
pointillism etc.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{5}{Fieldless Style} - Fieldless armory must form a
self-contained design.

\begin{smallquote}
A fieldless design must have all its elements conjoined, like three
feathers issuing from a crown used by the Heir Apparent to the throne
of England.  Since there is no field in such a design, it may not use
charges that rely on the edges of the field to define their shape,
such as bordures and orles, nor to cut off their ends, such as
ordinaries or charges throughout.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{6}{Documented Exceptions} - An armorial design
element that is adequately documented as a period practice \emp{may}
be deemed acceptable even if it violates other sections of Part VIII
(Compatible Armorial Style).

\begin{smallquote}
Such design elements will be accepted only on a case-by-case basis and
only in armory comparable in style and complexity to the documented
period examples.  The strength of the case for such an exception
increases in proportion to: the similarity of the documented examples
to the submitted armory; and the number of independent period examples
offered as evidence.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] {\bf General Exceptions} - In most cases the documentation
for a proposed exceptional armorial design element should be drawn
from several European heraldic jurisdictions.

\begin{smallquote}
The strength of the case for such an exception increases in proportion
to the geographical and chronological breadth of the supporting period
evidence.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] {\bf Regional Style} - Alternatively, a proposed
exceptional armorial design element may be documented as
characteristic of a specific regional armorial style.

\begin{smallquote}
In such cases the submitted armory \emp{may} be registered provided
that \emp{all} of the following conditions are met.  (1) The submitter
explicitly requests an exception to the other sections of Part VIII
(Compatible Armorial Style) on the grounds that the submitted armory
exemplifies a specific regional style.  (2) Documentation is adduced
to show that exceptional design element was not uncommon in the
regional style in question.  (3) Documentation is adduced to show that
\emp{all}4s elements of the submitted armory can be found in the
regional style in question.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}


\parttitle{IX}{OFFENSIVE ARMORY}

Offensive armory may not be registered, as is required by General
Principle 2 of these rules.  Armory may be innately offensive from its
content, or because of its usual associations or the context in which
it is placed, such as the swastika which, although used in period
armory, is so strongly associated with the Third Reich that it offends
a large segment of the population.  Armory may be considered offensive
even if the submitter did not intend it to be.  This section defines
the categories of designs that are generally considered offensive.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Vulgar Armory} - Pornographic or scatological items
or designs will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Obscene images, sexually explicit material, bathroom or toilet humor,
etc.  are considered inherently offensive by a large segment of the
Society and general population.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Offensive Religious Symbolism} - Magical or
religious symbolism that is excessive or mocks the beliefs of others
will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Magical or religious symbolism is not usually inherently offensive,
but offends by context.  Both devotees and opponents of a particular
religion may be offended by an excessive display of the symbols of
that religion, for example, a Calvary cross surrounded by four Paschal
Lambs and surmounted by a crown of thorns and a whip.  Similarly,
although a Paschal Lamb is a standard heraldic charge, dismembering
the lamb and surmounting it by a pentacle creates a context that could
be offensive.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Stereotypical Designs} - Allusions to derogatory
ethnic, racial, or sexual stereotypes will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Such stereotypes, even if documented from period sources, are innately
offensive.  This is true whether the stereotype is inherent in the
usage or created by context, like placing a Moor's head within an orle
of watermelons.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{4}{Offensive Political Symbolism} - Symbols
specifically associated with social or political movements or events
that may be offensive to a particular race, religion, or ethnic group
will not be registered.

\begin{smallquote}
Even if used without prejudice in period, such symbols are offensive
by their modern context.  Thus, designs suggestive of the SS, the
Ku-Klux Klan, or similar organizations, may not be used.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{X}{CONFLICTING ARMORY}

A piece of armory may not be too similar to other pieces of armory, as
is required by General Principle 3a of these rules.  Period armory
frequently distinguished between immediate relatives, like a father
and his son, by making a single change to the arms in a process called
\iqq{cadency}.  The changes made in such circumstances can be
considered the smallest change that period heralds would recognize.
This section defines ways in which submitted armory must be changed to
be sufficiently different from protected armory.

\begin{subpart}
\subparttitle{1}{Addition of Primary Charges} - Armory does not
conflict with any protected armory that adds or removes the primary
charge group.

\begin{smallquote}
Most cadency systems did not involve addition or deletion of the
primary charge group, so this automatically creates an independent
design.  For example, \iqq{Argent, two mullets gules} does not
conflict with \iqq{Argent, a pale between two mullets gules}, and
\iqq{Vert, a lion rampant Or and a chief indented argent} does not
conflict with \iqq{Vert, a chief indented argent}.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Difference of Primary Charges} - Simple armory does
not conflict with other simple armory if the type of every primary
charge is substantially changed.

\begin{smallquote}
This type of change was normally seen between complete strangers in
blood, and wasn't usually used to indicate any form of cadency.  For
the purposes of this Rule, \Def{simple armory} is defined by the
following clauses.  The word charge refers both to {\em charged\/} and
{\em uncharged\/} charges unless it is specifically qualified; a
\Def{group of charges} may contain one or more charges.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] Armory that has only a primary group of identical charges is
simple armory.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Argent, a fess sable} does not conflict with \iqq{Argent, a lion
rampant sable}.  \iqq{Gules, on a pale argent three roses proper} does
not conflict with \iqq{Gules, on a bend argent three roses proper.}
\iqq{Or, three lozenges vert, each charged with a mullet argent} does
not conflict with \iqq{Or, three billets vert, each charged with a
mullet argent.}  \iqq{Sable, a chevron Or} \emp{does} conflict with
\iqq{Sable, a chevron embattled Or,} because the type of the primary
charge group has not been \emp{substantially} changed.
\end{smallquote}

\item[b. ] Armory that has only a group of uncharged primary charges is
simple armory.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Per chevron gules and argent, three mullets counterchanged} does
not conflict with \iqq{Per chevron gules and argent, two escallops and
a roundel counterchanged.}  \iqq{Azure, three maunches argent, each
charged with a rose gules} {\em does\/} conflict with \iqq{Azure, two
escallops and a heart argent, each charged with a rose gules,} because
the primary charges of the latter armory are neither identical nor
uncharged.  \iqq{Per chevron gules and argent, three oak trees
counterchanged} \emp{does} conflict with \iqq{Per chevron gules and
argent, three fir trees counterchanged,} because the type of charge
has not been \emp{substantially} changed; it conflicts with \iqq{Per
chevron gules and argent, two mullets and a fir tree counterchanged}
because not \emp{all} of the charges have been substantially changed.
\end{smallquote}

\item[c. ] Armory that has only a primary group of identical charges,
accompanied only by a secondary group of identical charges, is simple
armory.

\begin{smallquote}
Each of the following armories is simple: \iqq{Argent, a chevron
between three wolf's heads erased sable;} \iqq{Sable bezanty, three
millrinds argent;} \iqq{Gules, a saltire between in fess two open
scrolls argent, each charged with a pen sable;} \iqq{Vert, three
gauntlets argent within a bordure Or semy-de-lys vert;} \iqq{Argent, a
rose azure between flaunches gules;} \iqq{Sable, on a hand apaumy
within an orle of martlets argent, a rose gules;} and \iqq{Argent, a
greyhound courant and on a chief azure, a fleur-de-lys between two
pheons argent.}  \iqq{Gules, a fess argent charged with three mullets
azure, all between three billets argent, each charged with a lozenge
azure} does not conflict with \iqq{Gules, a chevron argent charged
with three mullets azure, all between three billets argent, each
charged with a lozenge azure,} since both armories are simple.
However, \iqq{Vert, three gauntlets argent within a bordure Or
semy-de-lys sable} \emp{does} conflict with \iqq{Vert, two mullets and
a clarion argent within a bordure Or semy-de-lys sable,} because the
latter is not simple: its primary charges are not identical.  And
\iqq{Argent, a chevron between three wolf's heads erased sable, a
chief gules} \emp{does} conflict with \iqq{Argent, a fess between
three wolf's heads erased sable, a chief gules,} because neither
armory is simple: the primary charge is accompanied by two groups of
secondary charges.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{3}{Required Charges Transparent} - Two pieces of
official Society armory that share required charges may consider their
Difference of Primary Charges as if the required charges were not
there.

\begin{smallquote}
This is to avoid penalizing the slight increase in complexity caused
when official armory includes required charges like the laurel wreath
or crown.  As an example, \iqq{Gules, a hammer within a laurel wreath
and on a chief Or three fleurs-de-lys gules} would not conflict with
\iqq{Gules, a mullet within a laurel wreath and on a chief Or three
fleurs-de-lys gules}.  Required charges always count normally for
difference themselves, this rule only ignores the complexity they add
to a design.  This provision may not be applied when comparing
official Society armory with any other armory.
\end{smallquote}



\subparttitle{4}{Significant Armorial Differences} - Two pieces of
armory will not be considered to conflict if two clear visual
differences exist between them.

\begin{subpart}



\item[a. ] {\bf Field Difference} - Significantly changing the
tinctures, direction of partition lines, style of partition lines, or
number of pieces in a partition of the field is one clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
In general, if the tincture of at least half the field is changed, the
fields will be considered different.  \iqq{Per chevron azure and
gules} has one clear difference from \iqq{Per chevron azure and
sable.}  \iqq{Per pale azure and Or} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Per bend azure and Or} and from \iqq{Per pale embattled azure and
Or.}  \iqq{Bendy argent and sable} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Per bend argent and sable.}  \iqq{Barry gules and argent} has one
clear difference from \iqq{Barry and per pale gules and argent.}
There is a clear difference for reversing the tinctures of a field
evenly divided into two parts, {\em per saltire\/}, or {\em
quarterly\/}, but not for reversing the tinctures of a field divided
in any other way; \iqq{Per pale nebuly ermine and gules} has one clear
difference from \iqq{Per pale nebuly gules and ermine,} but \iqq{Paly
ermine and gules} has no clear difference from \iqq{Paly gules and
ermine.}  Field treatments are considered an aspect of tincture, so
\iqq{Per fess gules and argent} has one clear difference from \iqq{Per
fess gules and argent masoned sable.}  \iqq{Per fess dovetailed gules
and argent} has no clear difference from \iqq{Per fess embattled gules
and argent} because the difference between dovetailed and embattled
lines is not significant.  It suffices to change significantly the
style of at least half of the partition lines, so \iqq{Quarterly per
fess wavy argent and sable} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Quarterly argent and sable}; \iqq{Paly and per fess argent and
sable} has no clear difference from \iqq{Paly and per fess indented
argent and sable,} however.  \iqq{Gyronny Or and sable} has no clear
difference from \iqq{Gyronny of twelve Or and sable} because the
difference between eight and twelve pieces is not significant.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item [i. ] {\bf Charged Fields} - If charges other than an uncharged
peripheral ordinary are present, at most one clear difference may be
counted for changes to the field.

\begin{smallquote}
For the purposes of this rule the peripheral ordinaries are the chief,
the bordure, the base (including the point pointed), the quarter, the
canton, the gyron, the orle, the double tressure, and flaunches.
There is just one clear difference between \iqq{Per chevron ermine and
azure, a pale gules} and \iqq{Per bend wavy Or and vert, a pale gules}.
\end{smallquote}

\item [ii. ]  {\bf Field-Primary Armory} - If neither of two pieces
of armory being compared has charges, or if each has the same
uncharged peripheral ordinary, they may derive greater difference from
changes to the field.  Such armory will be called \Def{field-primary
armory}.

\begin{smallquote}
For the purposes of this rule the peripheral ordinaries are the chief, the bordure, the base (including the point pointed), the quarter, the canton, the gyron, the orle, the double tressure, and flaunches.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item [(a) ] {\bf Substantial Change of Partition} - If two pieces of
field-primary armory have substantially different partitions, they are
considered sufficiently different and do not conflict, irrespective of
any other similarities between them.

\begin{smallquote}
Any divided field is substantially different from any plain field:
\iqq{Per pale azure and vert} is substantially different from
\iqq{Azure}.  Any two of the following partitions are substantially
different from each other \emp{except} the pairs \iqq{per fess} and
\iqq{barry}, \iqq{per bend} and \iqq{bendy}, \iqq{per pale} and
\iqq{paly}, \iqq{per bend sinister} and \iqq{bendy sinister}, and
\iqq{per chevron} and \iqq{chevronelly}: \iqq{per fess}, \iqq{per
bend}, \iqq{per pale}, \iqq{per bend sinister}, \iqq{per saltire},
\iqq{per chevron}, \iqq{quarterly}, \iqq{checky}, \iqq{lozengy},
\iqq{gyronny} (of any number of pieces), \iqq{barry}, \iqq{bendy},
\iqq{paly}, \iqq{bendy sinister}, and \iqq{chevronelly}.  \iqq{Checky}
is substantially different from all other grid-like partitions (i.e.,
those formed by two sets of parallel lines, like \iqq{lozengy} and
\iqq{barry-bendy}); these other grid-like partitions are not
substantially different from one another.  \iqq{Barry} and \iqq{per
pale argent and vert} is substantially different from \iqq{Checky
argent and vert}, but it has only a clear difference from \iqq{Bendy
and per pale argent and vert}.  \iqq{Per chevron Or and gules} is not
substantially different from \iqq{Chevronelly Or and gules}, nor is
\iqq{Per pale wavy purpure and argent} substantially different from
\iqq{Paly wavy argent and purpure}, though in each case there is a
clear difference between the fields.
\end{smallquote}

\item [(b) ] {\bf Complete Change of Tincture} - If the fields of two
pieces of field-primary armory have no tinctures in common, they are
considered completely different and do not conflict, irrespective of
any other similarities between them.
\begin{smallquote}
The ermine furs and their variants are considered to be different
tinctures, so \iqq{Per bend ermine and azure} is completely different
from \iqq{Per bend erminois and gules} and from \iqq{Per bend argent
ermined gules and sable}.  The addition of a field treatment is also a
change of tincture, so \iqq{Per fess argent and gules} is completely
different from \iqq{Per fess argent masoned gules and sable}.
\end{smallquote}

\item [(c) ] {\bf Other Field-Primary Armory} - In any case,
independent changes to the tincture, direction of partition lines,
style of partition lines, or number of pieces in the partition may be
counted separately when comparing two pieces of field-primary armory.

\begin{smallquote}
There are two clear differences between \iqq{Per chevron argent and
azure} and \iqq{Per pale nebuly argent and azure}.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\item[iii. ] {\bf Fieldless Difference} - A piece of fieldless armory
automatically has one clear difference from any other armory, fielded
or fieldless.

\begin{smallquote}
Tinctureless armory and Japanese {\em mon\/} are considered to be
fieldless for this purpose.
\end{smallquote}

\end{subpart}

\item[b. ] {\bf Addition of Charges on the Field} - Adding or
removing any group of charges placed directly on the field, including
strewn charges, is one clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
Each charge group may be counted separately, so \iqq{Argent, a pale
gules} has two clear changes from \iqq{Argent, a pale between two owls
all within a bordure gules}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[c. ] {\bf Addition of Charges Overall} - Adding or removing a
group of charges placed overall is one clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Or, a lion rampant purpure} would have one clear difference from
\iqq{Or, a lion rampant purpure and overall a fess sable}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[d. ] {\bf Tincture Changes} - Changing the tinctures or
division of any group of charges placed directly on the field,
including strewn charges or charges overall, is one clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
Changing the tincture of at least half of the charges in a group is
one clear difference.  \iqq{Or, in pale three bull's heads gules}
differs from \iqq{Or, in pale a bull's head gules between two more
sable,} but not from \iqq{Or, in pale a bull's head sable between two
more gules.}  Separate differences may be counted for changing the
tincture of different groups of charges, so \iqq{Vert, a pale between
four mullets Or, all within a bordure argent} would have three clear
differences from \iqq{Vert, a pale ermine between four mullets argent,
all within a bordure checky argent and gules}.  As with the field,
only one change can be counted for all tincture changes to the same
group of charges.  Tinctureless armory may not count difference for
tincture of charges; the Fieldless Difference will count for one
change and the second change must come from a category that does not
involve tincture.
\end{smallquote}

\item[e. ] {\bf Type Changes} - Significantly changing the type of
any group of charges placed directly on the field, including strewn
charges or charges overall, is one clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
Changing the type of at least half of the charges in a group is one
clear difference.  Types of charges considered to be separate in
period, for example a lion and an heraldic tyger, will be considered
different.  A charge not used in period armory will be considered
different in type if its shape in normal depiction is significantly
different.  This means a lion would not be clearly different from a
puma.  Separate differences may be obtained from changing the types of
charges in different charge groups.  Changing \iqq{Vert, a pale
between two lions argent and a chief Or} to \iqq{Vert, a fess between
two horses argent and a chief Or} produces two separate differences.
Since the edge partition line of a charge is part of its type, the
change from \iqq{a pale wavy} to \iqq{a pale embattled} is one clear
difference.  Changing from \iqq{a pale wavy} to \iqq{a fess embattled}
is also one change of type, not a change of type plus a change of edge
partition.
\end{smallquote}

\item[f. ] {\bf Number Changes} - Significantly changing the number
of charges in any group placed directly on the field or overall is one
clear difference.

\begin{smallquote}
One, two, and three are significantly different from any number, four
is significantly different from six or more, and five is significantly
different from eight or more.  Six and higher numbers, including semy
of charges, are not significantly different from each other.
\end{smallquote}

\item[g. ] {\bf Arrangement Changes} - Changing the relative
positions of charges in any group placed directly on the field or
overall is one clear difference, provided that change is not caused by
other changes to the design.

\begin{smallquote}
Changes to other parts of the design frequently cause changes to the
arrangement of charge groups, so changing from \iqq{Argent, a fess
between two unicorns within an orle purpure} to \iqq{Argent, a pale
between two unicorns within an orle purpure} requires that the
unicorns move from \iqq{in pale} to \iqq{in fess}.  Changing from
\iqq{Argent, three unicorns purpure} to \iqq{Argent, four unicorns
purpure} will also cause some change in arrangement.  These changes do
not provide independent difference.  Changes that are made on their
own, like changing from \iqq{three mullets in fess} to \iqq{three
mullets in pale}, or from \iqq{six mullets} on an uncharged field to
\iqq{five mullets in cross}, are clear differences.
\end{smallquote}

\item[h. ] {\bf Posture Changes} - Significantly changing the posture or
individual orientation of charges in any group placed directly on the
field, including strewn charges or charges overall, is one clear
difference.  

\begin{smallquote}
Changing the posture of at least half of the charges in a group is one
clear difference.  Changing \iqq{a sword fesswise} to \iqq{a sword
palewise}, or from \iqq{a lion rampant} to \iqq{a lion passant}, is
one clear difference.  Multiple changes to the posture or orientation
of the same charges may not be counted separately, so \iqq{a lion
passant bendwise} is one clear difference from \iqq{a lion couchant to
sinister}.  Changes of posture or orientation of separate charge
groups may each be counted.  A change of posture must affect the
orientation of the charge, or significantly change its appearance.
Changes in the position of the head, for instance, are not
significant, nor is the change from statant to passant, which
essentially moves only one leg.  Changing from passant to couchant,
however, visually removes the legs from the bottom of the charge and
is considered significant.
\end{smallquote}

\item[i. ] {\bf Addition of Charges on Charges} - Adding or removing
any group of charges placed entirely on other charges is one clear
difference.

\begin{smallquote}
For example, charging a pale with three martlets, or charging a
bordure with eight martlets, provides one clear difference.
\end{smallquote}

\item[j. ] {\bf Changes to Charges on Charges} - Changes to a group
of charges placed entirely on other charges may create one clear
difference.

\begin{smallquote}
No more than one clear difference can be obtained from changes to the
same group of charges on other charges.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}
\item[i. ] Making two or more visually significant changes to the
same group of charges placed entirely on other charges is one clear
difference.

\begin{smallquote}
Changes of type, number, tincture, posture, or independent changes of
arrangement may each count as one of the two changes.  Generally such
changes must affect the whole group of charges to be considered
visually significant, since the size of these elements and their
visual impact are considerably diminished.  For example, \iqq{Sable,
two mullets and a fleam argent and on a chief Or three mullets gules}
would not have a clear difference from \iqq{Sable, two mullets and a
fleam argent and on a chief Or a mullet between two lozenges vert}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[ii. ] In simple cases substantially changing the type of all of
a group of identical charges placed entirely on other charges is one
clear difference.  Only the new submission is required to be a simple
case in order to benefit from the following clauses.
\begin{smallquote}
\Def{Simple cases} are defined by the following clauses.  The word
\Def{charge} refers both to {\em charged\/} and to {\em uncharged\/}
charges unless it is specifically qualified; a \Def{group of charges}
may contain one or more charges.  A charge is \Def{suitable} for the
purposes of this rule if (a) it it simple enough in outline to be
voided, and (b) it is correctly drawn with an interior substantial
enough to display easily recognizable charges.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[(a) ] Armory that has a group of identical charges on an
ordinary or other suitable charge alone on the field is a simple case.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Sable, on a pale argent three lozenges sable} has one clear
difference from \iqq{Sable, on a pale argent three ravens sable.}
\iqq{Or, on a heart vert a pheon argent} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Or, on a heart vert a cross moline argent}.  \iqq{Argent, a lion
rampant gules charged with a cross crosslet Or} does not have a clear
difference from \iqq{Argent, a lion rampant gules charged with a heart
Or} because the lion is too complex in outline to be voided.
\iqq{Gules, on a mullet of six points Or a cross crosslet sable} does
not have a clear difference from \iqq{Gules, on a mullet of six points
Or a pellet} because the interior of a correctly drawn mullet of six
points is too small.
\end{smallquote}

\item[(b) ] Armory that has a group of identical charges on an
ordinary or other suitable charge that is accompanied only by a single
uncharged group of identical charges lying entirely on the field is a
simple case.

\begin{smallquote}
\iqq{Argent, on a fess azure between two pine trees vert a spear
argent} has one clear difference from \iqq{Argent, on a fess azure
between two pine trees vert a rose argent}.  \iqq{Azure, on a bezant a
tree azure all within a bordure argent} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Azure, on a bezant a bear statant azure all within a bordure
argent}.  \iqq{Gules, on a bezant a tree azure within an orle of
martlets argent} has one clear difference from \iqq{Gules, on a bezant
a bear statant azure within an orle of martlets argent}.  \iqq{Or, on
a chevron between two millrinds and a lion passant guardant sable
three escallops argent} has no clear difference from \iqq{Or, on a
chevron between two millrinds and a lion passant guardant sable three
crosses crosslet argent because the charges accompanying the chevron
are not identical}.  For the same reason \iqq{Azure billety Or, on a
fess between three owls argent a sword azure} has no clear difference
from \iqq{Azure billety Or, on a fess between three owls argent a rose
azure}.
\end{smallquote}

\item[(c) ] Armory that has an uncharged primary charge group and a
peripheral ordinary charged with a group of identical charges is a
simple case.

\begin{smallquote}
For the purposes of this clause the peripheral ordinaries are the
chief, the bordure, the base (including the point pointed), the
canton, and flaunches.  \iqq{Argent, two escallops and a gauntlet and
on a chief gules three fleurs-de-lis argent} has one clear difference
from \iqq{Argent, two escallops and a gauntlet and on a chief gules
three crosses crosslet argent}.  As a new submission \iqq{Argent, a
lion rampant and on a chief gules three fleurs-de-lis argent} does not
conflict with \iqq{Argent, a lion rampant between three mullets and on
a chief gules three crosses crosslet argent even though the latter is
not a simple case}.  The new armory \emp{is} a simple case, so there
is one clear difference for substantially changing the type of the
tertiary charges; the second is for removing the mullets (see RfS
X.4.b).  If, however, the second armory were new and the first already
registered, the second armory \emp{would} conflict with the first; the
new armory not being simple, there would be just one clear difference
for adding the mullets.
\end{smallquote}

\item[(d) ] Armory that has a group of identical charges on a
peripheral ordinary alone on the field is a simple case.

\begin{smallquote}
For the purposes of this clause the peripheral ordinaries are the
chief, the bordure, the base (including the point pointed), the
canton, and flaunches.  \iqq{Gyronny Or and gules, a bordure engrailed
sable semy of towers argent} has one clear difference from
\iqq{Gyronny Or and gules, a bordure engrailed sable semy of mascles
argent}. \iqq{Vair, flaunches gules each charged with an arrow argent}
has one clear difference from \iqq{Vair, flaunches gules each charged
with a cross crosslet argent}.  \iqq{Gules, on a chief Or a mascle
between two roundels sable} is not a simple case because the charges
on the chief are not identical; as a new submission it therefore does
not have a clear difference from \iqq{Gules, on a chief or three
mullets sable}, even though the latter is a simple case.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{5}{Visual Test} - If the tinctures, shapes, or
arrangement of the charges in a submission create an overwhelming
visual resemblance to a piece of protected armory, the submission may
be held to conflict even if sufficient theoretical difference can be
counted between them.

\begin{smallquote}
A piece of armory is registered and protected, not the verbal
description used to record that armory.  The use of different
terminology to describe two designs that are visually similar does not
affect any potential for conflict that may exist.  Thus, \iqq{Or, a
fess vert} is not different from \iqq{Vert, a chief and a base Or}
even though one could theoretically count sufficient difference
between them from these blazons.  Unusual cases may occur where
contrast is weak and unusual arrangements of charges are employed, and
in such circumstances the cumulative similarities between two pieces
of armory may outweigh any specific differences.  As an example, the
cumulative effect of the similarities between \iqq{Vert, ermined Or,
on a mullet argent a lion rampant azure within a bordure embattled
ermine} and \iqq{Vert, ermined Or, on an estoile argent a lion rampant
azure within a bordure embattled erminois} creates a strong
possibility of confusion.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\parttitle{XI}{PRESUMPTUOUS ARMORY}

Armory may not claim status or powers the submitter does not possess,
as is required by General Principle 3b of these rules.  This section
defines categories of presumptuous armorial claims.

\begin{subpart}

\subparttitle{1}{Reserved Charges} - Armory that contains elements
reserved to or required of certain ranks, positions, or territorial
entities, inside or outside the Society, is considered presumptuous.
Symbols reserved or required solely inside the Society may only be
registered to those entitled to the status associated with those
symbols.

\begin{smallquote}
Examples of such elements include the field \iqq{Azure, semy-de-lys},
which is restricted to French royalty; a laurel wreath, required for
official Society branches; the coronet restricted to royal peers,
kingdoms and principalities; the knight's annulet of chain; the
caduceus reserved to those with medical qualifications, etc.  Lists of
these charges can be found in the glossary.  Some elements, like the
French royal field, are always restricted.  Others are limited to
specific segments of the Society.  For example, individuals may not
place laurel wreaths on their armory, while only those who are royal
peers may use the insignia of those ranks.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{2}{Charge and Name Combination} - Armory that asserts a
strong claim of identity in the context of the submitter's name is
considered presumptuous.

\begin{smallquote}
Some otherwise permissible names and armorial elements cannot be used
together because joining the two creates too strong an association
with famous individuals from myth, literature, or history.  For
example, while \iqq{Rhiannon} can be used as a given name, and horses
can be used as charges, the two cannot be used together as it suggests
the Rhiannon of Welsh myth.  Similarly, charges that merely allude to
a specific name on their own may become presumptuous if several such
charges are used.
\end{smallquote}

\subparttitle{3}{Marshalling} - Armory that appears to marshall
independent arms is considered presumptuous.

\begin{smallquote}
Period marshalling combined two or more separate designs to indicate
descent from noble parents and claim to inheritance.  Since members of
the Society are all required to earn their status on their own merits,
apparent claims to inherited status are presumptuous.  Divisions
commonly used for marshalling, such as quarterly or per pale, may only
be used in contexts that ensure marshalling is not suggested.
\end{smallquote}

\begin{subpart}

\item[a. ] Such fields may be used with identical charges over the
entire field, or with complex lines of partition or charges overall
that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry.

\item[b. ] Such fields may only be used when no single portion of the
field may appear to be an independent piece of armory.

\begin{smallquote}
No section of the field may contain an ordinary that terminates at the
edge of that section, or more than one charge unless those charges are
part of a group over the whole field.  Charged sections must all
contain charges of the same type to avoid the appearance of being
different from each other.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\subparttitle{4}{Arms of Pretense} - Armory that uses charges which
themselves are charged in such a way as to appear to be arms of
pretense is considered presumptuous.

\begin{smallquote}
Period and modern heraldic practice asserts a claim to land or
property by surmounting an individual's usual armory with a display of
armory associated with that claim.  Such arms of pretense are most
commonly placed on an inescutcheon or lozenge, but may also appear on
other geometric charges such as roundels, cartouches, etc.  For this
reason, such charges may not be charged in such a way as to suggest
independent arms.  Such charges may not contain an ordinary that
terminates at the edge, or more than one charge.
\end{smallquote}
\end{subpart}

\begin{theindex}
\item Addition of Charges on the Field	 \dotfill\ X.4.b
\item Addition of Charges on Charges 	 \dotfill\ X.4.i 
\item Addition of Charges Overall	 \dotfill\ X.4.c 
\item Addition of Charges, Primary 	 \dotfill\ X.1 
\item Addition of Charges Semy		 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Addition of Field Treatment	 \dotfill\ X.4.a 
\item Addition of Overall Charges 	 \dotfill\ X.4.c 
\item Addition of Primary Charges	 \dotfill\ X.1 
\item Addition of Semy			 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Addition of Strewn Charges	 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Addition of Tertiary Charges	 \dotfill\ X.4.i 
\item Addition of Treatment		 \dotfill\ X.4.a 
\item Armorial Balance			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.b 
\item Armorial Content, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ VII 
\item Armorial Conflict			 \dotfill\ X 
\item Armorial Contrast			 \dotfill\ VIII.2 
\item Armorial Depth			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.c 
\item Armorial Differences		 \dotfill\ X.4 
\item Armorial Elements, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ VII.6 
\item Armorial Elements, Period 	 \dotfill\ VII.2 
\item Armorial Elements, Registered 	 \dotfill\ VII.8 
\item Armorial Element Requirements	 \dotfill\ VII.7 
\item Armorial Identifiability		 \dotfill\ VIII.3 
\item Armorial Simplicity		 \dotfill\ VIII.1 
\item Armorial Style, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ VIII 
\item Armory, Conflict			 \dotfill\ X 
\item Armory, Fieldless, Difference	 \dotfill\ X.4.a.iii 
\item Armory, Fieldless, Style		 \dotfill\ VIII.5 
\item Armory, Offensive 		 \dotfill\ IX 
\item Armory, Presumptuous 		 \dotfill\ XI 
\item Armory, Tinctureless 		 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Armory, Vulgar 			 \dotfill\ IX.1 
\item Arms, Impaled			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Arms of Pretense			 \dotfill\ XI.4 
\item Arms, Quartered			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Arrangement Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.g 
\item Artifacts, Period	 		 \dotfill\ VII.3 
\item Badges, Fieldless, Difference	 \dotfill\ X.4.a.iii
\item Badges, Fieldless, Style		 \dotfill\ VIII.5 
\item Badges, Style			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.a 
\item Balance, Armorial 		 \dotfill\ VIII.1.b 
\item Branch Names			 \dotfill\ III.b.i
\item Bynames, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.ii
\item Charge and Name Combination	 \dotfill\ XI.2 
\item Charge and Tincture Limit		 \dotfill\ VIII.1.a 
\item Charges on Charges, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.i 
\item Charges on Charges, Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.j 
\item Charges on the Field, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Charges on the Field, Difference	 \dotfill\ X.2 
\item Charges, Maintained		 \dotfill\ X.4.j 
\item Charges Overall, Addition		 \dotfill\ X.4.c 
\item Charges Overall,  Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.d-h 
\item Charges, Period 			 \dotfill\ VII.1 
\item Charges, Primary, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.1 
\item Charges, Primary, Difference 	 \dotfill\ X.2 
\item Charges, Required, Transparent	 \dotfill\ X.3 
\item Charges, Reserved 		 \dotfill\ XI.1 
\item Charges, Secondary, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Charges, Secondary,  Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.d-h 
\item Charges, Strewn, Addition		 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Charges, Strewn, Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.d,e \& h 
\item Charges, Tertiary, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.i 
\item Charges, Tertiary, Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.j 
\item Claims, Conflicting 		 \dotfill\ I.3.a 
\item Claims, Conflicting Armorial 	 \dotfill\ X 
\item Claims, Conflicting Names		 \dotfill\ V 
\item Claims, Inappropriate 		 \dotfill\ I.3 
\item Claims, Presumptuous 		 \dotfill\ I.3.b 
\item Compatibility			 \dotfill\ I.1 
\item Compatible Armorial Content	 \dotfill\ VII 
\item Compatible Armorial Elements	 \dotfill\ VII.6 
\item Compatible Armorial Style		 \dotfill\ VIII 
\item Compatible Content		 \dotfill\ I.1.a 
\item Compatible Monsters		 \dotfill\ VII.5 
\item Compatible Name Content		 \dotfill\ II 
\item Compatible Naming Style and Grammar\dotfill\ III 
\item Compatible Non-Personal Names      \dotfill\ III.2.b
\item Compatible Personal Names		 \dotfill\ III.2.a
\item Compatible Style			 \dotfill\ I.1.b 
\item Complexity, Armorial		 \dotfill\ VIII.1 
\item Conflicting Armory		 \dotfill\ X 
\item Conflicting Claims		 \dotfill\ I.3.a 
\item Conflicting Names			 \dotfill\ V 
\item Conflicting Non-Personal Names	 \dotfill\ V.2
\item Conflicting Personal Names	 \dotfill\ V.1
\item Constructed Names			 \dotfill\ II.2 
\item Content, Armorial, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ VII 
\item Content, Compatible 		 \dotfill\ I.1.a 
\item Content, Name, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ II 
\item Contrast, Armorial 		 \dotfill\ VIII.2 
\item Contrast Requirements		 \dotfill\ VIII.2.b 
\item Contrasting Tinctures		 \dotfill\ VIII.2.a 
\item Depiction, Modern Style		 \dotfill\ VIII.4.d 
\item Depiction, Natural 		 \dotfill\ VIII.4.c 
\item Depiction, Period 		 \dotfill\ VII.3 
\item Depth, Armorial 			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.c 
\item Descriptive Elements, Difference of\dotfill\ V.2.a
\item Design, Pictorial 		 \dotfill\ VIII.4.a 
\item Designation Requirement		 \dotfill\ III.2.b 
\item Difference, Armorial		 \dotfill\ X 
\item Difference, Names			 \dotfill\ V 
\item Difference of Bynames		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.ii
\item Difference of Descriptive Elements \dotfill\ V.2.a
\item Difference of Given Names		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.i \& b.i
\item Difference of Name Phrases	 \dotfill\ V.1.a
\item Difference of Primary Charges	 \dotfill\ X.2 
\item Diminutives, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.i \& b.i
\item Documented Armorial Elements	 \dotfill\ VII.2 
\item Documented Names			 \dotfill\ II.1 
\item Edge Partition Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.e 
\item Elements, Armorial, Compatible	 \dotfill\ VII.6 
\item Elements, Armorial, Period  	 \dotfill\ VII.2 
\item Elements, Armorial, Registered 	 \dotfill\ VII.8 
\item Elements, Armorial, Requirements	 \dotfill\ VII.7 
\item Elements, Name, Documented 	 \dotfill\ II.1 
\item Elements, Name, Registered 	 \dotfill\ II.5 
\item Element Requirement, Two 		 \dotfill\ III.2.a 
\item Fauna and Flora, Period 		 \dotfill\ VII.4 
\item Field Difference			 \dotfill\ X.4.a 
\item Field Primary Difference		 \dotfill\ X.4.a.ii 
\item Field Treatment, Difference	 \dotfill\ X.4.a 
\item Fieldless Difference		 \dotfill\ X.4.a.iii 
\item Fieldless Style		 	 \dotfill\ VIII.5 
\item Flora and Fauna, Period 		 \dotfill\ VII.4 
\item General Principles		 \dotfill\ I 
\item Given Name Requirement		 \dotfill\ III.2.a 
\item Given Names, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.i \& b.i
\item Grammar and Syntax, Name		 \dotfill\ III.1 
\item Heraldic Titles			 \dotfill\ III.2.b.iii
\item Household Names			 \dotfill\ III.2.b.iv
\item Identifiability, Armorial 	 \dotfill\ VIII.3 
\item Identification Requirement	 \dotfill\ VII.7.a 
\item Impaled Arms			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Inappropriate Claims		 \dotfill\ I.3 
\item Internal Partition Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Insignia, Modern 			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.b 
\item Invented Names			 \dotfill\ II.3 
\item Layer Limit			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.c.ii 
\item Legal Names			 \dotfill\ II.4 
\item Linguistic Consistency		 \dotfill\ III.1.a 
\item Maintained Charges		 \dotfill\ X.4.j 
\item Marshalling			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Modern Insignia			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.b 
\item Modern Style			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.d 
\item Modernity, Obtrusive 		 \dotfill\ VIII.4 
\item Monsters, Compatible		 \dotfill\ VII.5 
\item Name and Charge Combination	 \dotfill\ XI.2 
\item Names, Branch			 \dotfill\ III.b.i
\item Names Claiming Powers		 \dotfill\ VI.2 
\item Names Claiming Rank		 \dotfill\ VI.1 
\item Name Conflict	 		 \dotfill\ V 
\item Names, Constructed 		 \dotfill\ II.2 
\item Name Content, Compatible	 	 \dotfill\ II 
\item Names, Documented 		 \dotfill\ II.1 
\item Name, Given, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.1.a.i \& b.i
\item Name, Given, Requirement		 \dotfill\ III.2.a 
\item Name Grammar and Syntax		 \dotfill\ III.1 
\item Name Phrases, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.1.a 
\item Names, Household			 \dotfill\ III.2.b.iv
\item Names, Invented 			 \dotfill\ II.3 
\item Names, Legal 			 \dotfill\ II.4 
\item Names, Non-Human			 \dotfill\ VI.2 
\item Names, Offensive 			 \dotfill\ IV 
\item Names of Orders and Awards	 \dotfill\ III.2.b.ii
\item Names, Personal, Compatible	 \dotfill\ III.2.a
\item Names, Personal, Conflict		 \dotfill\ V.1
\item Names, Non-Personal, Compatible	 \dotfill\ III.2.b
\item Names, Non-Personal, Conflict      \dotfill\ V.2
\item Names, Presumptuous 		 \dotfill\ VI 
\item Names, Registered 		 \dotfill\ II.5 
\item Names, Stereotypical 		 \dotfill\ IV.3 
\item Names, Vulgar			 \dotfill\ IV.1 
\item Naming Style and Grammar, Compatible\dotfill\ III 
\item Natural Depiction			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.c 
\item Non-Human Names			 \dotfill\ VI.2 
\item Non-Personal Names, Compatible	 \dotfill\ III.2.b
\item Non-Personal Names, Conflict	 \dotfill\ V.2
\item Number Changes			 \dotfill\ X.4.f 
\item Obtrusive Modernity		 \dotfill\ VIII.4 
\item Offense		 		 \dotfill\ I.2 
\item Offensive Armory			 \dotfill\ IX 
\item Offensive Names			 \dotfill\ IV 
\item Offensive Political Symbolism	 \dotfill\ IX.4 
\item Offensive Political Terminology	 \dotfill\ IV.4 
\item Offensive Religious Symbolism	 \dotfill\ IX.2 
\item Offensive Religious Terminology	 \dotfill\ IV.2 
\item Orders and Awards, Names of	 \dotfill\ III.2.b.ii
\item Orientation Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.h 
\item Overall,  Charges, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.c 
\item Overall, Charges, Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.d-h 
\item Partition, Edge  Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.e 
\item Partition, Internal  Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Per Pale Arms			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Period Armorial Elements		 \dotfill\ VII.2 
\item Period Artifacts			 \dotfill\ VII.3 
\item Period Charges			 \dotfill\ VII.1 
\item Period Flora and Fauna		 \dotfill\ VII.4 
\item Personal Names, Compatible	 \dotfill\ III.2.a
\item Personal Names, Conflict		 \dotfill\ V.1
\item Perspective			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.c.i 
\item Phrases, Difference of 		 \dotfill\ V.1.a 
\item Pictorial Design			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.a 
\item Political Symbolism, Offensive 	 \dotfill\ IX.4 
\item Political Terminology, Offensive	 \dotfill\ IV.4 
\item Posture Changes			 \dotfill\ X.4.h 
\item Powers, Names Claiming 		 \dotfill\ VI.2 
\item Presumptuous Armory		 \dotfill\ XI 
\item Presumptuous Claims		 \dotfill\ I.3.b 
\item Presumptuous Names		 \dotfill\ VI 
\item Pretense, Arms of 		 \dotfill\ XI.4 
\item Primary Charges, Addition 	 \dotfill\ X.1 
\item Primary Charges, Difference	 \dotfill\ X.2 
\item Principles, General 		 \dotfill\ I 
\item Proper, Overuse			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.c 
\item Quartering Arms			 \dotfill\ XI.3 
\item Random Characters			 \dotfill\ II.3.a 
\item Rank, Names Claiming		 \dotfill\ VI.1 
\item Reconstruction Requirement	 \dotfill\ VII.7.b 
\item Registered Armorial Elements	 \dotfill\ VII.8 
\item Registered Names			 \dotfill\ II.5 
\item Relationship, Names, Specific 	 \dotfill\ VI.3 
\item Religious Symbolism, Offensive 	 \dotfill\ IX.2 
\item Religious Terminology, Offensive	 \dotfill\ IV.2 
\item Required Charges Transparent	 \dotfill\ X.3 
\item Reserved Charges			 \dotfill\ XI.1 
\item Seals, Tinctureless		 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Secondary Charges, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Secondary Charges, Changes	 \dotfill\ X.4.d-h 
\item Semy, Addition 			 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Semy, Changes			 \dotfill\ X.4.d,e \& h 
\item Significant Armorial Differences	 \dotfill\ X.4 
\item Simplicity, Armorial 		 \dotfill\ VIII.1 
\item Specific Relationship, Names	 \dotfill\ VI.3 
\item Spelling Variants, Difference	 \dotfill\ V.1.a \& V.2.a 
\item Stereotypical Designs		 \dotfill\ IX.3 
\item Stereotypical Names		 \dotfill\ IV.3 
\item Strewn Charges, Addition	 	 \dotfill\ X.4.b 
\item Strewn Charges, Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.d,e \& h 
\item Style, Armorial, Compatible 	 \dotfill\ VIII 
\item Style, Badges			 \dotfill\ VIII.1.a 
\item Style, Compatible 		 \dotfill\ I.1.b 
\item Style, Fieldless			 \dotfill\ VIII.5 
\item Style, Modern 			 \dotfill\ VIII.4.d 
\item Style and Grammar, Naming, Compatible\dotfill\ III 
\item Tertiary Charges, Addition	 \dotfill\ X.4.i 
\item Tertiary Charges, Changes		 \dotfill\ X.4.j 
\item Tincture and Charge Limit		 \dotfill\ VIII.1.a 
\item Tincture Changes			 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Tinctureless Armory		 \dotfill\ X.4.d 
\item Tinctures, Contrasting 		 \dotfill\ VIII.2.a 
\item Titles, Heraldic			 \dotfill\ III.2.b.iii
\item Translations, Difference		 \dotfill\ V.4.b 
\item Transparent Required Charges 	 \dotfill\ X.3 
\item Treatment, Field			 \dotfill\ X.4.a 
\item Two Element Requirement		 \dotfill\ III.2.a 
\item Type Changes			 \dotfill\ X.4.e 
\item Variants, Spelling, Difference	 \dotfill\ V.1.a \& V.2.a 
\item Visual Test			 \dotfill\ X.5 
\item Vulgar Armory			 \dotfill\ IX.1 
\item Vulgar Names			 \dotfill\ IV.1 \\
\end{theindex}

\majorparttitle{A Glossary of Terms as used in the Rules for Submissions}

\begin{description}

\item[Alternate Persona] - Any identity a participant in the Society uses
other than the primary persona.

\item[Argent] - The heraldic tincture silver or white.  Argent is a metal.

\item[Armiger] - A person who has been awarded the right to arms.  Arms can
only be given by a sovereign in the Society, and come in three levels:
Awards of Arms, Grants of Arms, and Letters Patent.  A person with
registered personal armory who is not an armiger has a device, but armigers
have arms.

\item[Armorial Element] - A component of heraldic design.  An armorial
element may be a charge, a line of division, a line of partition, a field
treatment, a tincture, or other component that may be used in designing
armory.  See the rules, Part VII, for discussion of Compatible Armorial
Elements.

\item[Armory] - Any design that the College of arms registers or protects,
such as devices or arms, badges, etc.  It may also apply, for our purposes,
to trademarks, logos, and other graphic symbols that resemble heraldic
bearings.  See the sections on Registrable and Protected Items in the
Administrative Handbook.

\item[Arms] - A heraldic design that uniquely represents the person or
group that owns it.  Within the Society, \qq{Arms} are reserved to people who
have been awarded arms by their sovereigns.

\item[Arrangement] - The relative placement of a group of charges on the
field.

\item[Azure] - The heraldic tincture blue.  Azure is a color.

\item[Badge] - A piece of armory used by an individual or group to identify
possessions, retainers, members, or other items.  A badge is distinguished
from a device, which is used solely by its owner.

\item[Balance] - The state of having charges distributed evenly.  Balance
does not consider peripheral charges, like a chief.  If the charges are all
to one side, the design is unbalanced.  Balance is not the same as
symmetry, as that changes the facing of the individual elements to reflect
each other.  Heraldic charges usually all face the same way, but have their
visual centers arranged as if they were symmetric.

\item[Blazon] - The verbal description of a piece of armory.

\item[Branch] - An official chapter of the Society.

\item[Byname] - A name other than a person's given name.  \qq{Byname} is a
broad term that may include surnames, patronymics, and various epithets.

\item[Cadency ] - The method of modifying armory to indicate a relationship
with the owner of the original armory.  Changes that were made to
difference one device from another can be considered the smallest changes
that were considered significant enough to be noticed at the time they were
used.  Different systems of cadency were used in period, depending on the
time and place.

\item[Charge] - An item depicted on a piece of armory.  A charge may be a
simple geometric figure, like a fess or a roundel, or a representation of
an animate or inanimate item, like a sword or a lion.  See the rules, Part
VII, for discussion of Compatible Charges.

\item[Charge Group] - A set of charges used together in a design as a
single unit.  The charges in groups in heraldry usually fall into standard
arrangements depending on their number and what other items are involved in
the design.  A collection of charges that are arranged in such a standard
arrangement are considered a single group, even if they are of different
types.

\item[Charge Type] - See \iqq{Type}.

\item[Coherent] - For heraldic purposes, this means all the elements of a
design work together to produce a single effect.  Usually, a field division
or the primary charge establishes a pattern of dividing the field.  If
something is used to cross the lines established in such a pattern, it
usually lies straight across the line at a right angle.  Coherence is
diminished by placing elements with no relation to each other, or ignoring
the pattern set in the design.  Coherence can also be diminished by using
unlike charges in a group.

\item[College of Arms] - The Principal Heralds of each kingdoms, and such
other persons as Laurel may deem to be of assistance.

\item[College of Heralds] - The warranted heralds and pursuivants of a
kingdom, and such other persons as the Principal Herald may deem to be of
assistance.

\item[Color ] - In Society heraldry, the colors are Azure, Gules, Sable,
Purpure and Vert (Blue, Red, Black, Purple and Green).  The furs that use
colors as underlying tinctures, like Counter-Ermine and Pean, are treated
like colors for contrast.

\item[Compatible] - In keeping with the normal usages for the period and
domain of the Society.  Guidelines on compatible names are given in Parts
II and III, and guidelines for compatible armory are given in Parts VII and
VIII of these rules.

\item[Conflict] - Submissions that are considered to be so similar that
they may appear to belong to the same person or to immediate relatives are
said to conflict.  Definitions of Conflicting Names are given in Part V and
Conflicting Armory is defined in Part X of these rules.

\item[Contrast] - A level of visual distinction between different
tinctures.  Rule VIII.2a defines good contrast in heraldic terms.
Tinctures not defined as having good contrast are said to have low contrast
or marginal contrast.

\item[Counter-Ermine] - An heraldic fur with a sable background and argent
spots to represent ermine tails.  Counter-ermine is treated as a color in
Society heraldry.

\item[Designation] - The word used in a name for a group or office to
define the type of group.  Designations may be the types of official
branches, like \iqq{Barony}, \iqq{Shire}, \iqq{Kingdom}, etc., or they may be other
kinds of designations like \iqq{Order}, \iqq{Guild}, \iqq{House}, \iqq{Office}, \iqq{Herald}
and so forth.

\item[Device] - A heraldic design that uniquely represents the person or
group that owns it.  A person who has not been awarded arms may register
personal armory as a device.  This device will become arms when the person
is awarded arms.

\item[Diminutive] - A name that is derived from another name as a shortened
form, nickname, or pet form.  \iqq{Betty}, \iqq{Eliza}, \iqq{Betsy}, \iqq{Lizzie}, \iqq{Bess},
and so forth are all diminutives of \iqq{Elizabeth}.

\item[Documented] - Found in a source that was created before 1600 A.D.
More recent sources that quote sources created before 1600 are acceptable
as documentation unless they are shown to be erroneous.

\item[Domain of the Society] - Europe and areas that were in contact with
Europe before 1600 A.D.

\item[Dynamic ] - In a design context, this means that the arrangement
gives an impression of motion or activity.  This can happen by posing
charges so that their apparent weight is not over their bases, such as in a
depiction of a running man that has the feet behind the head so the weight
is not firmly supported by them.  This can also happen if charges are
unevenly spaced to give an impression of motion from one to the next.  This
term is used as the opposite of \iqq{static}.

\item[Element] - See \iqq{Name Element} and \iqq{Armorial Element}.

\item[Emblazon] - The drawing or depiction of a piece of armory.

\item[Epithet] - A descriptive name.  It may either describe physical
characteristics, like \iqq{the Short}, \iqq{the Bald}, or \iqq{the Red}(from hair
color), personality traits or accomplishments like \iqq{the Great} or \iqq{the
Unready}, occupations like \iqq{the Goldsmith} or \iqq{the Farmer}, or the place
from which a person came, like \iqq{of London}.

\item[Ermine] - An heraldic fur composed of an argent background with sable
spots that represent ermine tails.  Ermine is treated as a metal in Society
heraldry.

\item[Erminois] - An heraldic fur composed of an Or background with sable
spots representing ermine tails.  Erminois is treated as a metal in Society
heraldry.

\item[Field Treatment] - A repeating pattern drawn in a contrasting
tincture over the field or a charge.  Field treatments leave more of the
underlying tincture showing than they cover, and are considered a part of
the field or charge tincture.  Field treatments include fretty, masoned,
honeycombed, and so on.

\item[Fieldless Armory] - Personal badges are encouraged to be designed as
a single unit, with the charges all connected in some way as if they were
cast out of metal in one mold.  Such badges were used on any background
appropriate at the time, and so may be registered without a specified field
tincture.

\item[Fimbriation] - Use of a thin line of a contrasting tincture around a
charge.

\item[Fur] - Some furs, like Vair, Potent, and Papellony, are divided into
pieces of equal size in contrasting hues.  Others, like Ermine,
Counter-Ermine, Erminois, and Pean, have an underlying hue with a repeating
pattern of ermine spots in a contrasting hue.  Furs are traditionally
considered to be separate heraldic tinctures, like the colors and metals.

\item[Geographic Descriptions] - Place names, or descriptions of a
geographic location.  Geographic descriptions could be names like
\iqq{Canterbury} or \iqq{Dijon}, or descriptions like \iqq{the Blue Mountains} or \iqq{the
Meadow}.

\item[Given Name] - The name given to a person at birth or in a naming
ceremony like baptism.  In the English naming tradition, the given name is
usually a person's first name, so Martha Washington's given name is
\iqq{Martha}.

\item[Grandfather Clause] - The popular name given to the guarantee in
Corpora that, once registered, a name or armory remains registered unless
the owner requests its release, regardless of changes in the rules and
standards applied to future submissions.  This name is also sometimes
applied to the provisions that allow use of elements that were registered
once, but are no longer acceptable under the current Rules for Submissions.
These provisions of the Grandfather Clause are stated in Rule II.5 and Rule
VII.7.

\item[Group ] - A collection of people, not necessarily just an official
branch.  Households, orders, and branches are all referred to as \iqq{groups}
in the rules.

\item[Group, Charge] - See \iqq{Charge Group}.

\item[Gules] - The heraldic tincture red.  Gules is a color.

\item[Herald] - When used with a capital \qq{H}, \qq{Herald} is a title to refer
to a person at a particular level in the College of Arms.  Used with a
small \qq{h}, a herald is any person who works regularly on some aspect of
heraldry.

\item[Laurel] - In these rules, the Laurel Sovereign of Arms, who is the
principal heraldic officer of the Society and the head of the College of
Arms.  Laurel is ultimately responsible for seeing that the duties of the
heralds, as defined in the Corpora of the Society, are fulfilled.

\item[Legal Name] - This term is used to distinguish the formal name a
person has outside the Society from the Society name.

\item[Letters of Acceptances and Returns ] - A monthly letter in which the
Laurel Sovereign of Arms publicizes decisions on recent submissions.  This
is usually abbreviated LoAR.  The LoAR are available by subscription from
the Laurel office.

\item[Letters of Comment] - Letters written by members of the College of
Arms to discuss current submissions and advise the Laurel Sovereign of Arms
on the acceptability of the names and armory that are being considered.
This is usually abbreviated LoC.

\item[Letters of Intent ] - Letters written by Principal Heralds to
describe the submissions from their kingdoms.  The College of Arms is given
time to comment on the submissions before the Laurel Sovereign of Arms
decides whether to register them or return them for more work.  This is
usually abbreviated LoI.

\item[Line of Division] - A line or set of lines that cuts the field or a
charge into pieces that have different tinctures.  Lines of division are
named after the ordinaries they follow, like lines per pale, per fess, per
bend, and per saltire, or have their own names like checky, lozengy,
quarterly, and so forth.

\item[Line of Partition] - A description of the shape of a line of
division, or of the line that defines the edge of a charge.  Lines of
partition are named to identify their shape, like embattled, wavy,
indented, engrailed, and so on.  A line of partition may be used on the
edge of a charge, where it is called an edge partition, as on \iqq{a pale
invected}.  An internal line of partition is between the tinctures when an
element is divided, as in \iqq{per pale embattled argent and gules}.

\item[Maintained Charges] - Small objects that are held by an animate
charge are said to be maintained, like \iqq{a lion rampant maintaining a
sword}.  Maintained charges are usually too small to count towards
difference.

\item[Matronymic] - A name given to offspring to indicate the name of the
mother.  The son of a Scottish woman named \iqq{Cait} might take the matronymic
\iqq{Mac Caite}

\item[Metal] - In Society heraldry, the metals are Argent and Or (Silver or
White, and Gold or Yellow).  The furs that use metals as underlying
tinctures, like Ermine and Erminois, are treated like metals for contrast.

\item[Modern] - For Society purposes, \qq{modern} is anything after 1600 A.D.

\item[Mon] - Japanese armorial insignia.

\item[Monster] - An heraldic monster is any creature used in heraldry that
does not exist outside the imagination.  Monsters may either be clearly
invented, like the sea lion, or a confused interpretation of a genuine
animal, like the heraldic tyger.

\item[Name] - The word or words applied to distinguish a specific thing
from other things like it.  There may be names for people, places, groups,
orders, guilds, and so forth.

\item[Name Element] - A part of a name.  A name element is usually a single
word, such as a given name, a surname, or an adjective in a description.
Part II of these rules describes compatible name elements.

\item[Neutral] - A term used to refer to armorial elements that are equally
divided of a color and a metal.  Elements that are neutral are considered
to contrast well with colors or metals.

\item[Or] - The heraldic tincture yellow or gold.  Or is a metal.

\item[Ordinary] - Simple geometric charge.  Although many differing lists
of ordinaries may be found in heraldic texts, in Society heraldry the term
is used to apply to those simple geometric figures that pass through the
center of the field: the pale, fess, bend, bend sinister, chevron, cross,
saltire, pall, and pile, their diminutives, and the simple geometric
additions to the edges of the field: the chief and bordure.

\item[Orientation] - The direction a charge faces and the direction its
center line runs.  Swords, for instance, are palewise, which is point to
chief and the length of the sword running up and down the shield.  Other
orientations include bendwise, fesswise, inverted, and to sinister.

\item[Overall] - A term applied to charges that cross over both edges of
another charge to lie on the field on either side.  For instance, \iqq{Or, a
lion rampant purpure and overall a fess sable} has the fess starting on the
field on one side, crossing over the center of the lion, and lying on the
field on the other side.

\item[Patronymic] - A name given to offspring to indicate the name of the
father.  The son of a Scottish man named \iqq{Gregor} might use the patronymic
\iqq{MacGregor}.  This term is used generally in the rules to mean both
\qq{patronymic} and \qq{matronymic}.

\item[Pean] - An heraldic fur with a sable background and Or spots to
represent ermine tails.  Pean is classed as a color in Society heraldry.

\item[Period] - This term is used as an adjective to refer to the culture
the Society attempts to recreate.  For our purposes, \qq{period} is short for
\qq{pre-Seventeenth Century Western}.

\item[Period of the Society] - As a noun, this means the time before 1600
A.D.

\item[Peripheral Charge Group] - A charge or group of charges that are
placed on the field near the edge of a piece of armory without affecting
the rest of the design.  Chiefs and bordures are the most common peripheral
charges, but orles, tressures, or groups of separate charges used in the
same area as a chief or bordure may also be peripheral charges.  The design
\iqq{Per chevron argent and sable, two roses and a fleur-de-lys counterchanged
and on a chief purpure three hearts argent} uses the chief as a peripheral
charge.  Similarly, \iqq{purpure, a cross between four eagles displayed argent
within a laurel wreath Or} has the laurel wreath as the peripheral charge.

\item[Persona ] - The identity an individual chooses to adopt for Society
participation.  A persona is not a recreation of an actual individual, but
a created person who could have lived somewhere within the domain of the
Society.

\item[Phrase] - In names, a phrase is defined as a single word, like a
given name or surname, or a collection of words that are grammatically
linked, like an article and its noun such as \iqq{the Smith}, a preposition and
its object such as \iqq{of York}, an adjective and the noun it modifies such as
\iqq{Golden Mists}, or some combination of these such as \iqq{of the Red Rose}.

\item[Place Name] - The name for a geographic area, such as the name of a
town or region.  In the Society, place names are the names of shires,
baronies, principalities, kingdoms, and other official branches.

\item[Posture] - The pose in which a beast or other animate charge is
placed, such as \iqq{rampant}, \iqq{trippant}, \iqq{dormant} and so forth.

\item[Precedent ] - A decision by Laurel on a specific submission that may
be applied to other similar submissions.

\item[Presumptuous] - Claiming more importance for oneself than one is due.
A person who pretends to be entitled to special treatment or recognition
because of status, rank, or abilities that the person does not hold or has
not earned is presumptuous.

\item[Primary Charge Group] - The most important group of charges in a
piece of armory.  The primary charge group is usually mentioned first in
the blazon.  The primary charge is usually the central ordinary, if one is
present.  If there is no central ordinary, then the primary charge group is
the set of charges of the same size that are largest and visually dominate
the center of the design.  In the device \iqq{Gules, a pale between two mullets
argent}, the pale is the primary charge.  The primary charge in \iqq{Or, a
maunche between three roundels azure} is the maunche.  The design \iqq{Per
chevron Argent and sable, two roses and a fleur-de-lys counterchanged and
on a chief purpure three hearts argent} has the roses and fleur-de-lys as
the primary charge group, because they are all of about the same size and
in a standard arrangement.

\item[Primary Persona ] - The identity under which College of Arms records,
including device registrations and lists of awards on the Order of
Precedence, are kept.

\item[Principal Herald] - The chief heraldic officer of a kingdom, and a
Great Officer of State in that kingdom.  The Principal Herald is in charge
of all heraldic activities within the kingdom.

\item[Proper] - Used in blazon to specify that a charge appears in its
natural colors.  \iqq{A zebra proper} has the zebra's characteristic pattern of
black and white stripes.  \iqq{A tree proper} has a brown trunk and green
leaves.  Sometimes \iqq{proper} is used to indicate a standard set of tinctures
for a standard heraldic charge, like \iqq{a sword proper}, which has an argent
blade and Or hilt and quillons, or \iqq{a rose proper}, which is \iqq{a rose gules,
barbed vert and seeded Or}.  The term \iqq{proper} should only be used to
indicate colorings that cannot be described in the usual heraldic language.
\iqq{A raven proper} is just \iqq{a raven sable}.  \qq{Proper} should also only be
used if a competent artist will be able to draw the animal correctly
without extensive research.

\item[Protected Armory] - Armory with which new Society armory may not
conflict.  This includes armory that has already been registered in the
Society, as well as various categories of armory from outside the Society
that are deemed important.

\item[Purpure] - The heraldic tincture purple.  Purpure is a color.

\item[Registration] - Acceptance by Laurel of a name or piece of armory for
future protection.  The College of Arms will only register items that it
believes are compatible with period names and armory, are not offensive or
presumptuous, and that do not conflict with armory that is already
protected.  Registered items are protected from conflict with other
proposed names and armory to the best ability of the College of Arms.

\item[Required Charges ] - In a few cases, pieces of armory are required to
incorporate a particular charge in the design.  The Society requires at
least one laurel wreath on the arms of every official branch, and a crown
on the arms of every kingdom.

\item[Reserved Charges] - Some charges are specifically reserved in the
Society for use by particular groups or individuals, for instance the
Coronet with Strawberry leaves reserved to Dukes and Duchesses, the circle
of chain reserved to Knights, or the Laurel wreath reserved to Society
branches.  These charges are listed in an appendix to the Administrative
Handbook.

\item[Restricted Charges] - Some charges are so closely associated with
royal families or specific honors outside the Society that they may not be
used in Society armory at all.  Some examples of these include Azure
semy-de-lys, used by France, a Chinese Dragon with five toes, used only by
Chinese Emperors, or a Tudor Rose.  These charges are listed in an appendix
to the Administrative Handbook.

\item[Sable] - The heraldic tincture black.  Sable is a color.

\item[Secondary Charge Group] - A group of charges placed on the field
around the primary charge group.  In the device \iqq{Gules, a pale between two
mullets argent}, the mullets are the secondary charge group.  The secondary
charges in \iqq{Or, a maunche between three roundels azure} are the roundels.

\item[Semy] - A verb meaning something is strewn with identical charges.  A
field \iqq{Azure semy-de-lys Or} is blue with a pattern of gold fleurs-de-lys
on it.  \iqq{A bordure vert semy of rowels argent} is green and is charged with
eight white rowels, evenly spaced around it.  The charges that are so used
are called \iqq{strewn charges} in these rules.

\item[Society, the] - The Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

\item[Society Name] - The name a person chooses to use within the Society.
This is the personal name one registers with the College of Arms.

\item[Static] - In a design context, this means all the elements appear
fixed an unmoving.  Heraldic postures usually place the weight of the beast
firmly over its feet, for instance, and the body is posed unnaturally in a
stiff position.  Designs are balanced around the center of the shield so
that the whole design also looks rigid.  The opposite of this term is
\iqq{dynamic}.

\item[Strewn Charges] - See Semy.

\item[Style] - The way elements are put together to form a complete
submission.

\item[Submission] - A name or piece of armory that is given to the College
of Arms for registration.

\item[Submitter] - The person who submits something to the College of Arms
for registration.

\item[Surname] - A name passed to all the offspring in a family.  Modern
English surnames usually come last, so George Washington's surname is
\iqq{Washington}.  Other cultures may use their surnames in other positions.

\item[Symmetry] - A pattern of repeating design.  Mirror symmetry reflects
a design across an imaginary line to form a like design that is the mirror
image of it.  Two lions combattant are mirror symmetric.  Radial symmetry
repeats a design at regular intervals around an imaginary center.  Two fish
in annulo are radially symmetric.  Neither of these forms of symmetry are
common in heraldic design, as they change the orientation and facing of
objects.  Heraldry usually balances charges and keeps them oriented the
same way.

\item[Tertiary Charge Group ] - Any group of charges placed entirely on
other charges.  Tertiary charges in a group may be together, such as three
charges on a chief, or may each be on members of the same charge group.
The design \iqq{Per chevron argent and sable, two roses and a fleur-de-lys
counterchanged and on a chief purpure three hearts argent} has one group of
tertiary charges on the chief.  \iqq{Gules, a chevron between three roses Or,
each charged with a cross fitchy sable} has the crosses as one group of
tertiary charges.  \iqq{Or, on a fess gules an escallop between two millrinds
Or, all within a bordure vert charged with eight roundels argent} has two
groups of tertiary charges, one group with the escallop and millrinds and
the other with the roundels.

\item[Tincture] - One of the seven standard hues used in Society armory, or
the furs.  The tinctures are Argent, Azure, Gules, Or, Purpure, Sable, and
Vert (Silver or White, Blue, Red, Gold or Yellow, Purple, Black, and
Green).  Furs include Ermine, Counter-Ermine, Erminois, Pean, Vair, Potent,
Scaly, Papelonny, and the variations of them.

\item[Title] - A word that indicates the rank of the person using it.  The
Society has formally reserved the titles King, Queen, Crown, Crown Prince,
Crown Princess, Prince, Princess, Coronet, Duke, Duchess, Count, Countess,
Viscount, Viscountess, Master, Mistress, Sir, Baron, Baroness, Court Baron,
Court Baroness, Lord, and Lady, and their translations into languages other
than English.  These titles may only be used as authorized in Corpora.

\item[\qq{Toyota}, Rule of] - An informal name given to the idea that the
submitter may register armory that is not the best style or in poor taste
if he really wants it.  This is based on the slogan \qq{You Asked for It, You
Got It!}

\item[Type] - A kind of charge in a piece of armory.  The device \iqq{Gules, a
chevron between two candles and a lantern Or} has three types of charges:
chevrons, candles, and lanterns.  \iqq{Argent, on a pale purpure between two
lions combattant gules three lions passant Or} has two types of charges:
pales, and lions in two different postures.

\item[Variants, Linguistic] - Different spellings or pronunciations of the
same word.  Language was not fixed during the period studied by the
Society, so a single word may have many variant forms.

\item[Vert] - The heraldic tincture green.  Vert is a color.

\item[\qq{Weirdnesses}, Rule of Two] - An informal name given to the idea
that, in most cases, the College can accept a design that has one break
with the usual heraldic style.  A device that has two violations of period
heraldic style, or \qq{two weirdnesses}, is less likely to be registered.

\end{description}

\end{document}
